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项目管理专业人士资格认证(PMP)题库(1459题)


第261题 供应商项目经理和团队正在整个组织中实施软件解决方案。在销售过程中不在场的客户干系人要求团队实现超出范围的需求,而不给项目增加额外的成本。项目经理下一步应该做什么? A vendor project manager and team are implementing a software solution across the organization. A customer stakeholder who was not present during the sales process is demanding that the team implement requirements that are out of scope without adding additional cost to the project. What should the project manager do next?


A.将额外要求的问题升级到行政领导小组。 Escalate the issue of the additional requirements to the executive leadership team.

B.让干系人参考工作说明书(SOW)中的交付规范。 Refer the stakeholder to the delivery specifications in the statement of work (SOW).

C.实施顾客要求的所有要求。 Implement all the requirements the customer has requested.

D.相应调整范围基准和进度基准。 Adjust the scope baseline and schedule baseline accordingly.


参考答案:B


解析:关键字:“在销售过程中不在场的客户干系人要求团队实现超出范围的需求”,应该首先跟干系人确认是否详细了解过项目范围,若了解之后坚持变更则走变更流程,选B。


第262题 项目经理被指派负责一个项目集中的一个项目。该项目的高层级需求己为各方知晓,但一些需求的优先级仍不确定,因为它们依赖于项目集中的其他一些拟议中的项目,项目经理应如何为项目的后续步骤做好准备? A project manager is assigned to a project within a program.The high-level requirements of the project are known.but the priorities of some of the requirements are uncertain as they are interdependent on some other pipeline projects within the program.How should the project manager prepare for the next steps of the project?


A.先等其他项目确定估算,然后再制定进度计划。Wait for the other project estimates before planning the schedule.

B.根据历史数据确定高层级需求的优先级并估算这些需求的里程碑。Prioritize and estimate the milestones for the high-level requirements based on historical data.

C.让项目管理办公室(PMO)估算所有项目的任务,并分享项目管理计划。Ask the project management office(PMO)to estimate the tasks for all the projects and share the project management plan.

D.将情况上报给管理团队,以便根据项目的复杂性延长期限。Escalate to the management team to increase the timeline based on the complexity of the project.


参考答案:B


解析:《PMBOK》第6版195页,6.4-估算活动时间。首先大家要有一个概念,对于工期超过90天的项目,尤其是复杂项目,估算是很难一次性完成的。对于近90天内的活动,可以界定的比较清楚,估算也比较准确。但当工期超过90天,由于活动难以被精确描述,所以估算结果通常会有很宽的区间。因此,项目的估算通常是一个反复进行的过程,甚至有一种说法,当项目结束时,估算活动才算彻底完成。回到情景,在项目集中的活动面临信息不足而无法精确规划的困境,属于在项目管理中的常见现象。对于信息的缺失,可以采用历史信息做为估算依据,后续随着信息的补充再进行更加精准的估算,选项B正确。选项A,如果其他项目也处于同样的困境,这个死锁该如何解开?选项C,估算非PMO的职责。选项D,是否延长期限要有理有据,在尚未完成初版的计划前就要求延长项目期限,会让管理层质疑项目经理的能力。


第263题 项目经理正在管理的一个跨国产品开发项目具有来自众多国家/地区的干系人,在最近与主要项目发起人举行的进展情况会议上,负责实现产品工业化的提供商惊讶地发现,自从会议以来,某需求已经发生变更,该提供商提出了关于该变更的关键顾虑,并已根据早前的需求大幅增加了资本支出。项目经理本应采取什么的不同措施来避免发生这种情况?A multinational product development project being managed by the project manager has stakeholders from many countries/regions. In a recent progress meeting with the main project sponsors, the provider responsible for the industrialization of the product was surprised to find out. Since the meeting, a requirement has changed, the provider raised key concerns about the change, and has substantially increased capital expenditures based on earlier requirements. What different measures should the project manager take to avoid this?


A.项目经理应针对该变更请求进行详细的干系人分析,并从一开始就让该提供商参与进来,以确保他们的顾虑会得到解决。The project manager should conduct a detailed stakeholder analysis of the change request and involve the provider from the outset to ensure that their concerns are addressed.

B.项目经理本不应该邀请该提供商参加进展情况审查会议,因为该提供商仅负责产品工业化事务,而不负责审批需求。The project manager should not have invited the vendor to the progress review meeting because the vendor is only responsible for product industrialization, not approval requirements.

C.项目经理本不应该批准会导致项目资本支出增加的需求变更。The project manager should not have approved a change in requirements that would result in an increase in project capital expenditure

D.项目经理本应要求该供应商不要在进展情况审查会议上提出顾虑,因为这并非适当的场合。The project manager should have asked the vendor not to raise concerns during the progress review meeting as this was not an appropriate occasion.


参考答案:A


解析:PMBOK(6)507,13.1-识别干系人。干系人的顾虑刚刚才被得知,识别干系人存在疏漏,所以要避免问题的出现,应该及早进行干系人识别分析。选项B的做法属于掩耳盗铃,不可取。选项C,问题不在变更是否合理,而在于变更后没有及时通知到干系人。选项D,禁止干系人发声的做法错误。


第264题 一位指导委员会成员在抱怨周报。他们说周报太长,有不必要的细节。结果,他们无法领会主要信息并采取行动。项目经理应该做些什么来避免类似的抱怨? A steering committee member is complaining about the weekly report. They stated that the report is too long and has unnecessary details. As a result, they are unable to obtain the main message and take action. What should the project manager do to avoid similar complaints?


A.在与指导委员会的每周会议上介绍现状。 Present the status at a weekly meeting with the steering committee.

B.核实指导委员会成员所需的资料。 Verify the information needed for steering committee members.

C.向指导委员会成员发送一份较短的每日报告。 Send a shorter daily report to this steering committee member.

D.指导委员会成员演示每周报告。 Demonstrate the weekly reports in a presentation for the steering committee member.


参考答案:B


解析:选B,为了避免类似的投诉,报告太长,包含不必要的细节,项目经理应核实指导委员会成员所需的信息。项目经理可以安排与指导委员会成员的会议,以了解他们需要的细节,并根据他们的具体需求定制报告。这可以帮助指导委员会成员获得主要信息并采取行动,从而做出更好的项目决策。选项A、C和D没有解决投诉的根本原因,也不一定能找到有效的解决方案。


第265题 鉴于先前与某客户共事的经验教训,项目经理注意到,客户对发送给它待其审批的文件的处理时间比较长,总是超过约定时间表,在与该客户举行的初始启动会上,项目经理应该如何为新项目解决此问题?From previous lessons learned working with a client, a project manager notes that the client's turn-around times on documents sent for approval were very slow and well outside of the agreed timelines. At the initial kick-off meeting with the same client, how should the project manager approach this issue for the new project?


A.更新项目风险登记册,在其中注明可能会发生延误的情况。Update the project risk register with the potential for delays.

B.告知客户需要额外增加资源,使客户有更多时间审核待审批文件。Inform the client that extra resources will be added to give the client more time for reviews.

C.告知客户其有责任审批相关文件。Inform the client of their responsibility in relation to document approval.

D.与客户共同确定可接受的文件审批期限。Work with the client on an acceptable amount of time for document approval.


参考答案:D


解析:《PMBOK》第6版86页,4.2.2.4-开工会议。在启动会议上,确定为达成项目目标而达成的工作执行方式,因此可以在会议上就审批历时过长的问题达成共识,寻求能够加速审批速度的方式,选项D正确。既然问题已经被提出,关注的焦点在于如何进行跟踪解决,如果在解决后,问题存在着复现的可能性,可以将其列为一个风险事件进行跟踪,选项A在选项D之后。选项B,增加额外的资源,增加多少也依赖于与客户协商后的结果。选项C,干系人管理,本质上是管理与干系人之间的关系,因为权限上不隶属,所以采用命令的方式来提示客户,既不合理又起不到效果。


第266题 一个项目正在处于八次迭代中的第二次。在一些日常会议之后,项目经理注意到总是有一个团队成员主持会议。团队对这种情况感到不舒服,因此活动受阻。项目经理应该做什么?A project is on its second iteration out of eight. After some daily meetings, the project manager notices that one team member is always directing the meeting. The team is not comfortable with the situation and, as a result, the activities are blocked. What should the project manager do?


A.召开会议,帮助团队改善他们的互动。Conduct a session to help the team improve their interactions.

B.更新风险登记册并制定应急计划。Update the risk register and define a contingency plan.

C.调节每日站会,让团队感觉更舒适。Moderate the daily meetings to help the team to feel more comfortable.

D.与团队成员见面,展示他们行为的影响。Meet with the team member to show the impact of their behavior.


参考答案:D


解析:团队问题最好直接面对面沟通,促进交流有助于了解彼此想法,从而解决问题。选项A,敏捷团队鼓励团队优先“自组织”解决问题,项目经理不宜直接帮助团队改善互动。选项B,现状是团队已经对这种情况感到不舒服了,所以应该尽快解决,而不是当做“风险”进行管理。选项C,在自组织团队,项目经理可以协助,但最好不要代替团队成员解决问题。


第267题 指导委员会请项目经理协助作出决策以确定“建造还是购买”。项目经理应该评估哪个价值度量来响应指导委员会的要求?A steering committee has asked the project manager to assist with the decision-making process bet ween build-versus-buy delivery options. Which value metric should the project manager evaluate to respond to the steering committee's request?


A.净现值(NPV)Net present value (NPV)

B.挣值(EV)Earned value (EV)

C.影响值Impact value

D.预期货币价值(EMV)Expected monetary value (EMV)


参考答案:A


解析:PMBOK,6th,12.1.2.3-数据分析-自制或外购分析,P473。在自制或外购分析中,可以使用回收期、投资回报率(ROI)、内部报酬率(IRR)、现金流贴现、净现值(NPV)、收益成本(BCA)或其他分析技术,来确定某种货物或服务是应该在项目内部自制,还是从外部购买。选A。


第268题 在一次风险管理会议上,大多数项目团队成员使用计算机对定量风险分析模型进行了多次迭代。将会有一个累积概率分布(S形曲线)代表达成任何特定结果的概率。项目经理应该使用哪种方法来评估和管理项目风险?During a risk management meeting, most of the project team members use a computer to iterate the quantitative risk analysis model numerous times. There will be a cumulative probability distribution (S-curve) representing the probability of achieving any particular outcome. Which method should the project manager use to assess and manage project risks?


A.影响图。Influence diagrams.

B.敏感性分析。Sensitivity analysis.

C.决策树分析。Decision tree analysis.

D.蒙特卡洛分析。Monte Carlo analysis.


参考答案:D


解析:PMBOK 6th,11.4.2.5-数据分析-模拟,P433。蒙特卡洛分析是一种使用计算机模型的多次迭代来识别风险和不确定性的潜在影响的方法,以发现可能因某一决定或做法导致的一系列成果的概率分布情况,典型的输出包括:表示模拟得到特定结果的次数的直方图,或表示获得等于或小于特定数值的结果的累积概率分布曲线(S 曲线),选D。 选项A,影响图是对变量与成果之间的因果关系、事件时间顺序及其他关系的图形表示。选项B,敏感性分析用于评估单个风险因素变化对项目目标的影响,它不会产生累积概率分布。选项C,决策树分析是一种图形和计算方法,用来评估与一个决策相关的多个选项在不确定情形下的可能后果,它不涉及使用计算机迭代来生成S曲线。


第269题 在每日站会上,项目负责人注意到一位资深开发人员正在将一些简单的待办事项重新分配给其他团队成员,理由是让资深开发人员处理复杂事项更有效率。项目负责人应该怎么做?In a daily stand-up, the project leader notices that one of the senior developer is reassigning some of the easy backlog items to other team members, arguing that it is more efficient for the senior developers to work on complex items. What should the project lead do?


A.在下一个冲刺评审会议中包括这一做法,并与所有团队成员讨论。Include this practice in the next sprint review and discuss it with all of the team members.

B.要求资深开发人员停止分配任务,因为那是Scrum Master的工作。Ask the senior developer to stop assigning tasks because that's the scrum master's job.

C.支持资深开发人员的行动及其对其他团队成员的权威。Support the senior developer's action and their authority over other team members.

D.在下一个冲刺回顾会议中包括这一做法,并与所有团队成员讨论。Include this practice in the next sprint retrospective and discuss it with all of the team members.


参考答案:D


解析:冲刺回顾会议是用来回顾团队的工作流程、沟通和协作方式的场合,项目负责人可以通过迭代回顾会议,与全部团队成员一起讨论任务指派问题,选D。选项A,冲刺评审会议主要是对已完成的工作事项进行审查,以获取干系人的反馈。选项B,自组织团队的任务自己认领,不是SM分配的。选项C,开发团队中的所有成员应该是“平等的”,不存在所谓的“资深就开发人员就具有权威”,SM不能支持这种做法。


第270题 一个组织启动了一个新项目,该组织在其组织治理过程中定义了监管要求,项目经理应该如何定义项目治理?A new project needs to be kicked off in an organization that has regulatory requirements defined in their organizational governance process. How should the project manager define the project governance?


A.询问项目管理办公室(PMO)是否可以忽略监管要求。Ask the project management office (PMO) if the regulatory requirements can be ignored.

B.更新项目治理,以包括当前的监管要求。Update the project governance to include the current regulatory requirements.

C.自定义所有监管要求,以适应特定的项目治理。Customize all of the regulatory requirements to fit within the specific project governance.

D.更新部分监管要求,以适应项目治理。Update some of the regulatory requirements to fit within the project governance.


参考答案:B


解析:PMBOK 6th,2.2-事业环境因素-组织内部的事业环境因素,P38。“组织文化、结构和治理”都是属于项目的事业环境因素,是项目管理的重要输入。因此在定义项目治理的过程中,必须要包括组织定义的监管要求。最佳选项B。


第271题 在一个大型建筑项目的执行阶段,受托的物流公司决定因货柜不可用而提高价格。项目经理应该怎么做?In the execution phase of a large construction project, the contracted logistic company decided to increase their price as a result of unavailability of shipping containers. What should project manager do?


A.评估物流公司提出的价格上涨的影响,并遵循合同和全球指南处理这种情况。Assess the impact of the price increase given by the logistic company and follow the contract and global guidelines for this situation.

B.同意吸收价格上涨,因为货柜的不可用是物流公司无法控制的。Agree to absorb the price increase because the unavailability is beyond the control of the logistic company.

C.放弃与物流公司的合同,并寻找另一家没有提高价格的公司。Abandon the contract with the logistic company and look for another company that has not increased their prices.

D.向物流公司解释价格上涨是不可接受的,因为他们签署了合同。Explain to the logistic company that an increase in price is not acceptable because they signed a contract.


参考答案:A


解析:PMBOK 6th,12.3.1.3-协议,P496。协议是双方之间达成的谅解,包括对各方义务的一致理解。在执行过程中甲乙双方出现了争议,应该先一起对照和确认协议(合同),再遵循合同进行后续的协商和处理。


第272题 在项目执行过程中,项目经理希望在用户参与之前先让业务负责人参与进来。然而,业务负责人也参与了另一个大型项目,不能参加这个项目的会议。项目经理应该首先做什么?During project execution, a project manager wants to involve the business lead before the users are involved in the project. However, the business lead is also engaged in another big project and cannot join this project meeting. What should the project manager do first?


A.请求业务负责人的代表与团队沟通并处理过渡工作。Ask a delegate from the business lead to communicate and handle the transition work.

B.将变更和潜在用户影响总结在电子邮件中,并发送给业务主管。Summarize the changes and potential user impact in an email and send it to the business lead.

C.调整项目完成日期,直到业务负责人能够参与讨论。Adjust the project completion date until the business lead is able to engage in the discussion.

D.增加资源以回答用户和业务负责人在项目期间可能提出的问题。Add resources to answer questions that the users and business lead will have during the project.


参考答案:A


解析:选项A相对较好,特殊情况下,如果业务负责人无法参加会议,但会议需要其意见和决策,选择其代表参加会议是一个合理的选择。选项B,业务负责人作为权力大,利益大的干系人,应该优先使用“互动式沟通”的方式进行沟通,有利于实时获取反馈。选项C,调整项目完成日期会涉及到进度基准的变更,项目经理不能直接调整,需要走变更控制流程,由CCB审批通过后才能调整。选项D,与题干场景无关。


第273题 一个项目经理正在领导一个刚开始敏捷的团队。在启动会议期间,一名团队成员询问如何使用敏捷方法管理风险。项目经理应该如何回应?A project manager is leading a team that is new to agile. During the kickoff meeting, one team member asks how risks will be managed using agile approaches. How should the project manager respond?


A.风险管理是一项协作工作,将在每次迭代中进行管理。Risk management is a collaborative effort and will be managed during each iteration.

B.风险由项目经理管理,并在每个项目开始时进行预测。Risks are managed by the project manager and forecast at the beginning of each project.

C.风险将在与所有团队成员的回顾会议期间进行管理。Risks will be managed during a retrospective session with all of the team members.

D.风险由团队管理,并将在风险管理启动时对其进行分析。Risks are managed by the team and they will be analyzed during risk management kickoff.


参考答案:A


解析:风险管理是一个持续的过程,且需要团队合作,团队成员应在每个迭代中共同识别、评估和应对风险,A选项最佳。


第274题 一个项目经理一直在进行一个关键的项目,以转变组织的运营。项目经理成功完成了四个冲刺,然后创新总监被替换了。新的总监暂停了项目,直到制定新的战略。项目经理应该首先做什么?A project manager has been working on a critical project to transform an organization's operations. The project manager had successfully completed four sprints when the innovation director was rep laced. The new director placed a hold on the project until a new strategy can be put in place. What should the project manager do first?


A.与新的总监讨论愿景和可能的影响。Discuss the vision and possible impacts with the new director.

B.与新的总监回顾之前项目的风险管理计划。Review the risk management plan from previous projects with the new director.

C.升级到项目发起人,解除项目暂停。Escalate to the project sponsor to remove the project hold.

D.寻求新的总监批准以替换当前的应急预算。Seek approval from the new director to replace the current contingency budget.


参考答案:A


解析:敏捷实践指南,5.1-项目章程和团队章程,P49。敏捷项目章程要回答“我们为什么要做这个项目”的问题,这就是“项目愿景”。新的总监暂停了项目,因此要想重新启动项目的话,必须要首先明确项目的愿景是什么。


第275题 一个计划在四个月内执行的项目被分为八个迭代。在第一次回顾中,团队意识到只有一个成员有经验做一个关键的项目需求。项目经理应该怎么办?A project defined to be executed in four months is divided into eight iterations. During its first retrospective, the team realizes that only one member has experience doing a key project requirement. What should the project manager do?


A.邀请团队成员在下一次回顾中分享经验。Invite the team member to share experience in the next retrospective.

B.请求发起人增加具有所需经验的团队成员。Ask the sponsor to add team members with the required experience.

C.在团队内计划知识共享会议。Plan knowledge-sharing sessions within the team.

D.请求发起人为团队提供培训课程。Ask the sponsor for a training course for the team.


参考答案:C


解析:敏捷实践指南,4.3.1-敏捷团队,P39。在成功的敏捷团队中,团队成员在工作中以各种方式开展合作(如结对、群集、群体开发)。因此当团队只有一个成员具备经验和特定技能时,可以通过合作的形式,进行知识共享和能力复制,使更多的团队成员具备该技能,从而提升团队的整体技能水平。


第276题 一个团队即将完成一个部署,并正在等待客户提供关键信息。客户不断推迟发送信息,这导致部署进度延迟。项目经理应该做些什么来防止延迟?A team is about to close a deployment and is waiting to receive critical information from the customer. The customer continues to postpone sending information, which is consequently delaying the deployment. What should the project manager have done to prevent the delay?


A.将任务委派给产品负责人。Delegated the task to the product owner.

B.要求团队使用样例数据。Asked the team to use the sample data.

C.向发起人提出并寻求他们的支持。Engaged the sponsor and sought their support.

D.提前获取所有关键信息。Received all key information ahead of time.


参考答案:D


解析:关键词“客户不断推迟发送信息”,且问题是为防止延迟,即项目经理应该事先做什么,D选项最佳,提前识别并收集项目执行所需的所有关键信息。


第277题 由于市场条件的变化,原始项目需求的商业价值发生了变化。项目经理在执行阶段应考虑什么?Due to a change in market conditions, the business value for the original project requirements has c hanged. What should the project manager consider for execution?


A.评估并处理小需求,以交付商业价值。Evaluate and work on small requirements to deliver business value.

B.与干系人协商,以使用现有的商业价值进行交付。Negotiate with the stakeholder to deliver with existing business value.

C.按计划继续,因为变更对项目没有影响。Continue as planned since changes will have no impact on the project.

D.考虑商业价值修改后的需求。Take into consideration the requirements with the modified business value.


参考答案:D


解析:PMBOK 7th,2.1-创造价值,P8。创造价值的一个典型方式就是“创造满足客户或最终用户需要的新产品、服务或结果”,因此当执行阶段原始的项目需求发生变化时,应该积极调整和及时响应,为最终能够交付价值而努力。


第278题 一个项目经理正在使用一种混合方法来交付项目。该开发团队的规模已经定下来了,但还没有得到充分的资源。项目经理正在努力确定项目的时间表。项目经理应该做什么来解决开发人员的可用性?A project manager is using a hybrid approach to deliver the project. The size of the development team has been determined, but sufficient resources have not yet been obtained. The project manager is working hard to determine the project timeline. What should a project manager do to address the usability of developers?


A.与开发团队组织一次计划会议,根据他们的估计来完成时间表Organize a planning meeting with the development team to complete the schedule based on their estimates

B.询问资源经理,新的承包商何时可以开始,并改变项目进度的交付日期Ask the resource manager when the new contractor can start and change the delivery date of the project schedule

C.提供项目活动的预完成日期,并完成时间表Provide the expected completion date for the project activity and complete the schedule

D.使用专家的判断来估计所有的任务,并在分配的时间内完成时间表Use expert judgment to estimate all tasks and complete the schedule within the allotted time


参考答案:A


解析:关键词“努力确定项目的时间表”,属于进度问题,这时可以充分利用现有的资源来完成进度计划,让团队根据自身能力估算完成项目的时间,所以A是最优选项。


第279题 项目经理正在进行一个使用混合方法的项目。可交付成果的一个关键输入将来自使用敏捷方法的另一个项目的结果。项目经理下—步应该做什么?A project manager is working on a project that is using a hybrid approach. One key input for the deliverable will be from the outcome of another project that is using an agile approach. What should the project manager do next?


A.参与其他项目的每日站会。Participate in the other project's daily stand-up meetings.

B.要求其他项目经理改变交付方法。Ask the other project manager to change the delivery methodology.

C.与其他项目经理的高层项目时间表保持一致。Align with the other project manager's high-level project time lines.

D.要求其他项目经理制定一个工作分解结构(WBS)。Request that the other project manager develop a work breakdown structure(WBS).


参考答案:C


解析:可以用排除法。项目经理的职责权力只限定在本项目中,而ACD都是直接干涉了另外一个项目的过程中,这些做法都是超出了项目经理的自身权力范围。且B选项,项目间存在依赖关系时,与另一个项目的时间线保持一致可以确保两个项目的交付物能够有效地整合。


第280题 一个组织正在为一个复杂的项目使用混合交付方法。在迭代评审中,高级经理要求对所呈现的功能进行完全的重新设计。经理是新来的,没有敏捷交付的经验。项目负责人首先应该做什么?An organization is using a hybrid delivery approach for a complex project. In the iteration review, a senior manager asks for a complete redesign of the functionality presented. The manager is new to the organization and has no experience with agile delivery. What should the project lead do first?


A.要求开发团队解释功能是如何实现的。Ask the development team to explain how the functionality was implemented.

B.询问经理对功能的更多期望。Ask the manager for more details about their expectations for the functionality.

C.通知经理,约定的范围不能更改。Inform the manager that the agreed upon scope cannot be changed.

D.通知经理他们的请求将升级到项目发起人。Inform the manager that their request will be escalated to the project sponsor.


参考答案:B


解析:有新干系人加入,应先对其进行分析,了解其对项目的看法,这样做可以帮助项目负责人更好地理解新干系人请求背后的动机,并据此进行适当的回应,B选项最佳。选项A,迭代评审会是评审功能的,而不是讨论功能的技术实现的。选项C,高级经理是要求对功能进行重新设计,而不是要求增加新的功能,因此没有涉及到“范围”。选项D,项目层面的具体问题不需要上报。


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