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项目管理专业人士资格认证(PMP)题库(1459题)


第301题 两个分布在不同地方的团队在同一个项目上。相比A团队,客户更偏爱B团队。因为B团队和客户在同一个国家/地区。A团队向项目经理表示感到焦虑,缺乏动力,并指责另一个团队把功劳都揽去了。项目经理应该怎么做?Two teams in different places on the same project. Customers prefer Team B over Team A. Because Team B and the customer are in the same country. Team A expressed anxiety and lack of motivation to the project manager and accused the other team of taking all the credit. What should a project manager do?


A.与两个团队讨论目前的情况,促进合作。Discuss the current situation with both teams and promote collaboration.

B.与团队A讨论目前的情况,缓解团队A的情绪。Discuss the current situation with Team A to ease the emotions of team A.

C.解释说,客户偏爱另外一个团队是因为他们在同一个地区。Explain that the client prefers the other team because they are in the same region.

D.将工作交给团队B进行执行,因为客户更倾向于团队。Give the work to Team B to perform, because the customer prefers the team.


参考答案:A


解析:PMBOK 6th,9.5.2.1-人际关系与团队技能-冲突管理,P349。“合作/解决问题”可以带来双赢局面。题干场景描述了A团队和B团队之间发生了冲突,那么项目经理应该优先考虑“合作”的解决方式,促进双赢。


第302题 项目经理是混合型项目管理的新手,对项目很担心,因为它有很高的需求不确定性。该团队有混合项目的经验,执行每日站会,并致力于该项目。项目经理担心失去对项目的控制,希望扮演更重要的角色。项目经理应该如何处理这个问题?A project manager is new to hybrid project management and is worried about the project because it has a high level of requirements uncertainty. The team has experience with hybrid projects, performs daily standups, and is committed to the project. The project manager is concerned about losing control of the project and would like to have a more central role. How should the project manager address this issue?


A.修改每日站会,包括项目状态报告。Modify the daily standup meetings to include project status reporting.

B.将问题升级到变更控制委员会(CCB)并征求意见。Escalate the issue to the change control board(CCB) and ask for advice.

C.承担支持和授权项目团队完成工作的角色。Adopt the role of supporting and empowering the project team to do the work.

D.将项目的方法改为预测型方法。Change the approach for the project to a predictive approach.


参考答案:C


解析:敏捷实践指南,4.2.1.1-仆人式领导的促进作用,P35。项目经理成为仆人式领导时,工作重点就会从“管理协调”转向“促进合作”。促进者将帮助每个人各尽所能地思考和工作。促进者鼓励团队参与、理解,并对团队输出共同承担责任。促进者帮助团队创建可接受的解决方案。在混合型或敏捷项目中,项目经理是仆人式领导,主张应该信任并授权自己的团队,选C。选项A错误,在每日站会中获得项目状态报告违背了敏捷方法中每日站会的本质。选项B错误,此题与CCB无关。选项D错误,这个项目有很高的需求不确定性,不适合预测型方法。


第303题 项目经理准备开展一个存在重大环境因素影响的项目,包含不同领域的专业团队,该团队的首要任务是什么?The project manager is preparing to undertake a project with a significant environmental impact, involving a team of professionals in different areas. What are the priorities of the team?


A.创建项目管理计划Create a project management plan

B.创建风险管理计划Create a risk management plan

C.创建项目风险登记册Create project risk register

D.创建干系人登记册Create a Stakeholder Register


参考答案:D


解析:PMBOK 6th,13.1.3.1 相关方登记册,P514。关键词“包含不同领域的专业团队”,流程选大概念选小,D选项最佳。选项A,项目管理计划是描述如何执行、监督和控制项目的一份文件,它确定了项目的执行、监控和收尾方式。干系人登记册是识别相关方过程的主要输出。它记录关于已识别相关方的信息,包括但不限于身份信息、评估信息及干系人分类。


第304题 一位团队成员感觉工作困难重重,在与项目经理私下交谈中,团队成员表示他更喜欢个人工作,他觉得个人工作更能提升专注力。项目经理应该如何做?In a private conversation with the project manager, one team member said that he preferred individual work, which he felt improved focus. What should a project manager do?


A.与所有团队成员讨论这种情况,并着重强调团队规则。Discuss the situation with all team members and emphasize team rules.

B.与该团队成员讨论这种情况,并询问是否想从事其他项目工作。Discuss the situation with the team member and ask if you want to work on other projects.

C.与该团队成员讨论这种情况,并为团队成员安排可以个人完成的任务。Discuss the situation with the team member and assign tasks that the team member can do individually.

D.与人力资源经理和职能经理讨论这个团队成员的这种情况。Discuss this situation with the HR manager and function manager for this team member.


参考答案:B


解析:PMBOK 6th,9.5.2.1-人际关系与团队技能-影响力,P350。影响力主要会通过“积极且有效的倾听”以及“了解并综合考虑各种观点”来体现,因此选项B提到的与团队成员讨论,并询问他的个人意见的做法,是相对正确的。选项C的后半句相当于还是项目经理直接分配的任务,没有充分了解团队成员的观点和意见。


第305题 敏捷项目中遇到了缺陷问题,项目经理担心缺陷会影响团队的交付能力,项目经理该怎么办?What should the project manager do when he encounters a defect problem in an agile project and is concerned that the defect will affect the team's ability to deliver?


A.审视完成的定义(DoD)Review Completed Definitions (DoD)

B.只关注缺陷不关注增量Focus on defects, not increments

C.在产品交付完成后再解决缺陷Fix defects after product delivery

D.忽略缺陷Ignore the defect


参考答案:A


解析:完成的定义(DoD)是团队需要满足的所有标准的核对单,只有可交付成果满足 该核对单才能视为准备就绪可供客户使用。选项A,通过审视DoD,可判断缺陷造成的具体影响,解决项目经理的担忧。


第306题 敏捷团队中某问题设计解决者,经常在不编写文档的情况下将方案告知团队成员,导致团队成员苦不堪言,建议怎么做?A problem solver in an agile team often communicates the solution to team members without writing documentation, causing team members to suffer. What do you recommend?


A.停止工作,直到提供文档。Stop working until documentation is provided.

B.审查导致该情况的流程。Review the processes that led to the situation.

C.要求提供文档。Request for documentation.

D.将此成员清除出团队。Clear this member from the team.


参考答案:B


解析:敏捷项目中,可用的软件重于完整的文档,但是这并不意味着不需要编写文档。根据题干,应先审查团队协作的流程,然后判断是否需要提供文档。


第307题 一个项目有一个质量管理计划。该计划规定,项目可交付成果必须在截止日期前至少五个作日进行质量评审。有四个交付品不符合质量要求。项目经理应该怎么做? A project has a quality management plan in place.This plan states that project deliverables must be reviewed for quality at least five business days before the deadline. Four deliverables have failed the quality requirement.What should the project manager do?


A.生成一个因果图进行分析。 Generate a cause-and-effect diagram for analysis.

B.重写质量管理计划的相关部分。 Rewrite relevant portions of the quality management plan.

C.询问对项目进行内部审计的可行性。 Inquire regarding the feasibility of an internal audit of the project.

D.联系项目发起人并请求建议。 Contact the project sponsor and request advice.


参考答案:A


解析:因果关系图将问题的原因分解为离散的分支,能帮助确定主要原因或根本原因。


第308题 敏捷团队成员抱怨工作环境太差,阴暗潮湿,项目经理应该怎么做?Agile team members complain that the work environment is too dark and damp. What should the project manager do?


A.让团队指派代表进行处理。Have the team assign a representative to handle it.

B.让团队克服并适应环境。Let the team overcome and adapt to the situation.

C.告诉团队这个问题马上得到解决。Tell the team that the problem will be fixed immediately.

D.让团队自组织打扫环境卫生解决吵闹问题。Let the team self-organize the cleaning to solve the noise problem.


参考答案:C


解析:敏捷团队中,项目经理作为仆人式领导,应当帮助团队消除障碍。工作环境对于团队的士气和效率有着重要的影响,选项C最佳。


第309题 一位项目经理被分配到了一个项目,任务是开发一项全新的突破性技术。鉴于项目的复杂性程度,此项目将使用敏捷法进行管理。项目经理应做些什么来确保此项目的风险能得到妥善处理?A project manager is assigned a project to develop a new breakthrough technology. Given the complexity of the project, this project will be managed using an agile approach. What should the project manager do to ensure that the risks of the project are properly handled?


A.运用对增量工作进行频繁审查的方法,确保该项目的风险得到识别。Use frequent reviews of incremental work to ensure that project risks are identified.

B.要求对此项目的价值和风险实施新的成本效益分析。A new cost-benefit analysis of the value and risk of the project was required.

C.建立Scrum风险登记册来跟踪所有的项目风险。Establish a Scrum risk register to track all project risks.

D.制定风险矩阵来跟踪、评估和评价此项目的不确定性。Develop a risk matrix to track, evaluate and evaluate the uncertainty of the project.


参考答案:A


解析:在敏捷场景下,风险应该通过短周期迭代(2-4周)中的仪式和评审产品增量去识别,分析和监控风险,并且通过信息发射源和产品待办事项列表来跟踪和管理风险以及应对措施。所以A的做法是正确的,通过频繁审查产品增量来识别风险。 选项B,敏捷强调的是价值交付,成本和收益都会随着交付周期的延长而变化,而成本效益分析是需要在二者基本确定的情况下使用的。选项C,没有Scrum风险登记册这种说法。选项D,典型的预测型场景中管理风险的做法,敏捷场景应该优先通过信息发射源来跟踪和管理项目风险。


第310题 在某项目的执行阶段,一位新加入管理团队的主管引入了一项会影响所有项目任务的限制性合规要求。项目经理接下来该做什么?During the execution phase of a project, a new executive on the management team introduced a restrictive compliance requirement that would affect all project tasks. What should the project manager do next?


A.实施定量风险分析Conduct quantitative risk analysis

B.实施定性风险分析Conduct qualitative risk analysis

C.更新干系人登记册Update the stakeholder register

D.更新沟通管理计划Update the communication management plan


参考答案:B


解析:PMBOK 6th,11.3-实施定性风险分析,P419。新引入的合规要求,对项目存在风险,应先进行定性风险分析。实施定性风险分析是通过评估单个项目风险发生的概率和影响以及其他特征,对风险进行优先级排序,从而为后续分析或行动提供基础的过程。


第311题 一个涉及多个国家/地区和多个供应商的敏捷项目已完成其最终的迭代开发。此项目要被移交给运营团队。项目经理接下来应该关注什么?An agile project involving multiple countries and multiple vendors has completed its final iteration. The project will be handed over to the operations team. What should project managers focus on next?


A.向管理层通报移交的最新情况。Update management on the transition.

B.检查维护环境是否准备妥当。Check whether the maintenance environment is ready.

C.使用技术债务更新迭代待办事项列表。Update the iterative to-do list with technical debt.

D.解散开发团队成员。Disband development team members.


参考答案:B


解析:在项目移交阶段,项目经理需要确保项目的顺利移交和维护的顺利进行。选项B涉及的是检查维护环境是否准备妥当,这正是确保项目顺利移交和后续维护的关键。


第312题 一个新的敏捷项目即将启动,项目经理接到要他确认项目范围的要求,以打消其中一位干系人的顾虑。项目经理应该利用哪些内容来解释项目范围?A new agile project was about to start, and the project manager was asked to confirm the scope of the project to reassure one of the stakeholders. What should the project manager use to explain the project scope?


A.产品待办事项列表Product backlog

B.产品路线图Product road map

C.用户故事User story

D.业务需求文件Business requirements document


参考答案:A


解析:产品待办事项列表是一个产品的“总体需求池”,在敏捷项目中,所有的工作都是从产品待办事项列表中获取,因此它就代表了项目的总体范围。 选项B,产品路线图体现的是产品未来主要阶段时间点的状态,不能体现具体的项目范围。 选项C,用户故事只能体现具体的一个功能点,是项目范围的组成部分,但是不能体现整体项目范围。 选项D,BRD是基于组织的业务需求编写的,更多的是描述客户需要和组织收益,也就是为什么要做这个项目(why),还需要把BRD转化为项目范围(What)。


第313题 在迭代演示期间,客户注意到他们希望对产品进行改进。团队接下来应该做什么?During an iteration demo, a customer noticed an enhancement they would like to make to the product. What should the team do next?


A.完善和估算这个改进,以便知道它的规模。Refine and estimate the enhancement so the size is known.

B.将其添加到未来要完成的产品待办事项列表中。Add it to the product backlog to be completed in the future.

C.立即开始为客户进行改进工作。Start working on the enhancement for the customer immediately.

D.要求产品负责人与客户确定事项的优先级。Ask the product owner to prioritize the item with the customer.


参考答案:D


解析:在敏捷方法中,产品负责人的职责是确定产品待办事项列表及其优先级。如果有新的需求或改进,应该与产品负责人沟通,并由产品负责人确定是否执行以及什么时候执行。选D。


第314题 一位项目经理最近被分配到一个敏捷项目,发现该项目的承包商没有任何敏捷经验。项目经理该怎么做?A project manager has recently been assigned to an agile project and discovers that a contractor for the project does not have any experience with agile. What should the project manager do?


A.要求项目发起人替换承包商,因为他们没有敏捷经验Ask the project sponsor to replace the contractor since they do not have agile experience

B.向承包商发出正式通知,要求其获得敏捷认证Issue a formal notice to the contractor to obtain an agile certification.

C.咨询项目团队,了解承包商培训需求的程度Consult the project team to understand the extent of the training needs for the contractor.

D.指导承包商接受敏捷培训,因为项目已经开始Instruct the contractor to receive agile training since the project has already started.


参考答案:C


解析:承包商缺乏敏捷经验,项目经理应该根据其具体情况提供指导或者培训,C在D之前。


第315题 最近有两名团队成员因为客户削减预算而从一个项目中释放出来。然而,敏捷团队收到的工作需求仍然和以前一样,甚至更多。敏捷项目负责人应该如何解决这种情况?Two team members were recently released from a project because the customer reduced the budget. However, the agile team is still receiving the same, if not more, work requirements as before. How should the agile project leader resolve this situation?


A.用新的团队容量更新限制日志。Update the restriction log with the new team capacity.

B.向团队解释新的项目需求。Explain the new project requirements to the team.

C.与释放的团队成员一起更新项目预算。Update the project budget with the released team members.

D.向客户解释新的团队速度。Explain the new team velocity to the customer.


参考答案:D


解析:敏捷项目中,每次冲刺的工作量是根据团队速度进行规划的,人员的减少会导致速度降低,但工作量的不变甚至增加了,项目经理应该向客户说明情况,选D。选项B错误,在敏捷项目中,产品负责人(Product Owner)负责理解和解释需求。选项AC错误,不能解决问题。


第316题 一个实施新的线上登录平台的项目已经启动。在第一次冲刺之后,项目发起人要求变更。接下来项目经理该怎么做?A project to implement a new online landing platform has started. After the first sprint, the project sponsor requested a change. What should the project manager do next?


A.将变更请求升级到发起人Escalate the change request to the sponsor

B.验证完成的工作Validate the work completed

C.将变更通知干系人Inform the stakeholders of the change

D.协助更新产品待办事项列表Facilitate the update of the product backlog


参考答案:D


解析:敏捷项目中涉及变更,需要产品负责人将变更列入产品待办事项,并进行优先级排序,项目经理可以协助。


第317题 项目经理必须管理一个在文化上和地理上都不同的虚拟应用程序控制软件团队。项目经理希望以实时的方式促进开放的协作。项目经理应该怎么做?A project manager must manage a virtual applicat ion control software team that is culturally and geographically diverse. The project manager wants to promote open collaboration in a Realtime mann er.What should the project manager do?


A.提供即时通信软件。Provide a software for instant messaging.

B.在团队维基上记录所有信息。Document all information on the team wiki.

C.促进远程协作网站的使用。Promote the use of remote site syndication.

D.促进定期电话会议。Facilitate regular conference calls.


参考答案:C


解析:根据题干,要求使用的沟通工具既要实时,又要促进开放协作,选项C最佳。BD不够实时,A在开放协作方面没有C更优。


第318题 一家公司正在从预测方法向敏捷方法过渡。在最后两次冲刺评审期间,产品负责人抱怨开发团队,指出增量不符合用户场景中定义的验收标准。开发团队抱怨定义了冲刺代办事项列表的产品负责人,因为待办事项列表中的事项不能在项目开始时约定的两周的冲刺中交付。作为服务型(仆人型)领导者,项目经理应该如何解决这种情况?A company is transitioning from a predictive to an agile approach. During the last two sprint reviews, the product owner complained about the development team, indicating that the increments do not meet the acceptance criteria defined in the user stories. The development team complained about the product owner, who is defining sprint backlog items, because the backlog items cannot be delivered during the 2-week sprints agreed to at the beginning of the project. How should the project manager resolve this situation in their new role as servant leader?


A.查组织过程资产(OPAs),找出类似的情况,并审查所采取的解决行动。Review the organizational process assets (OPAs) to find similar situations and review the resolution actions taken.

B.要求团队使用下一个冲刺来完成前几个冲刺剩下的所有技术债务。Request that the team use the next sprint to complete all technical debt remaining from the previous sprints.

C.将冲刺延长至3周,以完成产品负责人要求的工作。Extend the sprints to 3 weeks to allow the work requested by the product owner to be completed.

D.鼓励整个团队根据他们的角色被授权并对所做的决定负责。Encourage the whole team to be empowered and accountable for the decisions made according to their roles.


参考答案:D


解析:产品负责人负责定义产品待办事项列表,开发团队根据速度从产品待办事项列表中选择他们在冲刺中可以完成的工作量。根据题干,产品负责人单方面定义了冲刺待办事项列表,导致开发团队不能在规定时间内交付,角色职责出现偏差。项目经理需要明确团队的角色和职责,并鼓励他们对自己的工作拥有自主权。选项B错误,与技术债务无关。选项C错误,冲刺周期一般是固定的,不延期。


第319题 一个组织正在向敏捷环境过渡。项目经理发现大多数团队成员对敏捷环境并不熟悉。项目经理应该做些什么来解决这个问题?An organization is transitioning to an agile environment. The project manager finds that most of the team members are not familiar with an agile environment. What should the project manager do t o address this concern?


A.改变团队的方法。Change the approach with the team.

B.找一位敏捷教练来处理这个问题。Meet with an agile coach to handle this issue.

C.分析团队敏捷成熟度的水平。Analyze the level of the team's agile maturity.

D.支持团队成员的成长和发展。Support the team members growth and development.


参考答案:C


解析:选项C最佳,团队成员不熟悉敏捷环境,项目经理应该先分析了解团队情况,然后再做出有针对性的解决方案。D在C之后。


第320题 项目团队中一些经验丰富的成员抱怨过项目经理。高级项目团队成员觉得项目经理在事无巨细地管理他们,阻碍他们完成工作。当项目经理意识到这些问题时,应该怎么做?Some of the mote experienced members of a project team have complained about the project manager. The senior project team members feel that the project manager is micromanaging them and preventing them from completing their work. What should the project manager do when made aware of these issues?


A.询问如何成为这些团队成员更好的导师的建议。Ask for advice on how to be a better mentor to these team members.

B.建立一个团队建设活动,将协同作用带回项目团队。Set up a team building event to bring synergy back to the project team.

C.调整项目经理的管理风格,使其更适合高级团队成员。Adjust the project manager's management style to better fit senior team members.

D.每天与每个高级团队成员会面,监督项目状态。Meet daily with each senior team member to monitor project status.


参考答案:C


解析:C是最佳选项,项目经理应认真听取成员反馈,并采取措施通过调整管理风格来解决他们的担忧。选项B,团队建设活动会促进协作,但它不能从根本上解决问题。


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