第121题 一位新的项目经理被分配到一个正在进行的敏捷创新项目中，该项目于两周前启动。在评审项目之后，新的项目经理发现以前的项目经理计划使用预测型方法。之前的项目经理计划在项目8个月完全完成后，向客户展示第一个主要的可交付物。新上任的项目经理该怎么做？A new project manager is assigned to an ongoing agile innovation project that started 2 weeks ago. After reviewing the project, the new project manager discovered that the previous project manager was planning to use a predictive approach. The previous project manager planned to present the first major deliverable to the client when the project was completely finished in 8 months. What should the new project manager do?

A.与团队一起检查待办事项列表，并创建能够向客户交付增量价值的小型迭代。Meet with the team to review the backlog and create small iterations that can deliver incremental value to the client.

B.继续采用预测型方法，在项目结束时提供价值。Continue working with the predictive approach to deliver the value at the end of the project.

C.采用混合型方法，使用敏捷实践，但在项目结束时向客户提供价值。Use a hybrid approach in which agile practices are used but the value is provided to the client at the end of the project.

D.向项目委员会提出变更请求，将交付日期调整为比计划提前2个月。Submit a change request to the project board to adjust the delivery date to 2 months earlier than planned.

参考答案：A

解析：关键词“敏捷创新项目”，那就要求该项目应该能灵活应对变化，采用迭代增量的方式进行持续交付，而不是一次性交付，选A。

第122题 一个公司正在将它的项目从预测方法转变为迭代方法。项目团队有所抱怨，因为产品负责人要求对项目开始以来已经开发的所有功能进行变更，他们不确定需要做什么。项目经理应该如何处理这种情况？A company is transitioning its projects from a predictive to an iterative approach. The protect team is complaining because they are unsure of what needs to be done due to all of the changes requested by the product owner for features already developed since the beginning of the project. How should the project manager handle this situation?

A.要求产品负责人在风险管理计划中创建一个关于可能性和阻碍的新条目。Require the product owner to create a new entry in the risk management plan regarding possibilities and obstacles.

B.审查类似项目的待办事项列表，了解变更请求是如何实施的。Review the backlogs from similar projects and understand how change requests were implemented.

C.要求产品负责人遵循变更请求流程，以正式确定新需求。Ask the product owner to follow the change request process to formalize new requirements.

D.确保产品和冲刺待办事项列表具有所需级别的文档，并且团队可以看到这两者。Make sure that the product and sprint backlogs have the required level of documentation and both are visible to the team.

参考答案：D

解析：关键词“他们不确定需要做什么”，在敏捷方法中，产品和冲刺待办事项列表是管理和沟通需求和变更的基本工具，项目团队据此可以知道执行优先级，以及预计何时开发它们，这增加了透明度，使团队与产品负责人的愿景保持一致，选D。

第123题 产品待办事项列表已经完成并确定了优先级。第一次冲刺已经开始。在每日站会期间，一名团队成员告知签订外部供应商合同会有延迟。在这种情况下，项目经理的优先级是什么？The product backlog has been completed and prioritized. and the first sprint has begun. A team member advised that during the daily standup there is a delay in having an external vendor contract signed. What is the project manager's priority in this situation?

A.要求团队成员尽快签订合同Request that the team member gel the contract signed as soon as possible

B.确定缓解策略以推动项目向前发展Identify mitigation strategies to move the project forward.

C.为团队成员接管合同谈判，以加快进程Take over contract negotiations for the team member to speed up the process.

D.协助清除障碍因素和障碍，使项目能够继续进行Assist with the removal of impediments and blockers so that the project can continue.

参考答案：D

解析：敏捷项目中，项目经理作为仆人式领导，职责之一就是帮助团队扫清障碍，选D。选项C不恰当，扫清障碍并不是直接帮团队成员做本该团队做的工作。选项A错误，只这是命令和控制的方法。选项B，只是缓解策略，没有解决问题。

第124题 项目经理正在领导一个处于启动阶段的新项目。该项目将构建一种新的软件技术服务，这在组织中以前从未存在过，并将为几个运营团队重新设计业务流程。项目经理需要确定要使用的项目管理方法，有许多团队成员和干系人有相互矛盾的意见。项目经理该怎么做？A project manager is leading a new project that is in the initiation phase, the project will build a new type of software technology service that has never existed at the organization before and will reenginger the business process for several operations teams. The project manager needs to determine the project management approach to be used, and there are many team members and stakeholders who have contradictory opinions. What should t he project manager do?

A.与干系人会面，利用采用项目目标和预期结果来确定方法。Meet with the stakeholders to determine the approach using the project goals and desired outcomes.

B.只有当项目与可以被分解为增量的软件实施相关时，才能利用敏捷方法。 Leverage agile methods only as the project pertains to software implementation, which can be broken into increments.

C.利用混合方法，因为项目混合了需要引入敏捷和预测方法的工作。Leverage hybrid methods as the project has ablend of work that needs to bring in both agile and predictive methods.

D.确定该团队所训练的方法，并在项目中利用这些方法。Identify the methods trained by the team and utilize them in the project.

参考答案：A

解析：项目应该使用什么方法取决于项目本身的特性和目标，选A。

第125题 一个项目即将结束，有经验的项目团队成员将继续前进，进入下一个项目。谁负责确保在项目结束前完成适当的知识转移？A project is coming to a close, and the experienced project team members will be moving on to the next project. Who is responsible for ensuring that the appropriate knowledge transfer is done prior to project closure?

A.项目经理必须确保发生了知识转移，并且该转移也包括在组织过程资产（OPAs）中。The project manager must ensure that the knowledge transfer occurred and that this is also included in the organizational process assets(OPAs).

B.项目团队成员需要确保他们提供了足够的知识转移。The project team members need to ensure they have supplied sufficient knowledge transfer.

C.项目发起人必须确保在项目结束之前完成所有知识转移。The project sponsor must ensure all knowledge transfer is completed before project closure.

D.干系人须确保他们在项目移交后获得足够的知识转移。The stakeholders need to ensure they have received sufficient knowledge transfer for ongoing support after the project handover.

参考答案：A

解析：在结束项目时，项目经理需要回顾项目管理计划，确保所有项目工作都已完成，项目目标已实现，包括知识分享和传递，选A。

第126题 一个项目经理被分配到一个高可见度的项目，该项目已经被确定为具有中等复杂性，基于以前的类似项目。项目需要现成的产品交付给客户。基于这种情况，项目经理在整个项目生命周期中应该关注什么？A project manager has been assigned to a high-visibility project that has been identified as having medium complexity, based on previous similar projects. The project needs to be delivered to the customer as a ready-to-use product. Based on this scenario, what should the project manager focus on throughout the project life cycle?

A.资源管理和经验教训Resource management and lessons learned

B.时间管理和干系人参与Time management and stakeholder engagement

C.成本管理与风险管理Cost management and risk management

D.干系人的参与和经验教训Stakeholder engagement and lessons learned

参考答案：D

解析：根据题干，项目有高可见度，但具有中等复杂性，意味着干系人层面需要特别注意，吸引干系人并管理他们的期望是项目成功的关键。并且提及以前已经执行过类似的项目，即有相关经验教训可参考。D选项最佳。ABC选项虽然也都是项目生命周期里应该关注的，但是跟题目中的情景不符。

第127题 一个项目已经到了结束阶段。工作基本上已经完成，项目经理想要开始项目的关闭过程。项目经理应确保在开始结束过程之前什么已经到位？A project has come to the closing stage. The work is generally finished, and the project manager wants to commence the closure process for the project. What should the project manager ensure is in place prior to the closing process?

A.组织过程资产（OPAs）已被更新。The organizational process assets (OPAs) have been updated.

B.项目的合同交付物已被接受。The contractual deliverables of the project have been accepted.

C.交接和交付物验收都已经完成。The handover and deliverable acceptance have been completed.

D.学习经验会议已经进行。The lessons learned sessions have been conducted.

参考答案：C

解析：PMBOK 6th，6.1-结束项目或阶段，P634。在结束项目或阶段，项目经理需要确保最终产品、服务或成果移交，选C。选项B没有C全面。

第128题 一位客户希望在市场上推出一款新产品，并成立了一个敏捷团队，在这个项目上工作9个月。1个月后，客户觉得最好比计划日期早2个月发布产品。这项任务现在分配给组织中最有能力的资源来完成这个项目，以便早日完成。在这种情况下采用了哪种风险管理策略？A customer wants to launch a new product in the market and an agile team is set up to work on this project for 9 months. After 1 month the customer feels that it would be better to release the product 2 months earlier than the planned date. The task is now assigned to the most talented resource in the organization to this project tor an early finish.Which risk management strategy has been adopt ed in this scenario？

A.分享Shared

B.接受Accepted

C.提高Enhanced

D.开拓Exploited

参考答案：D

解析：开拓的典型的例子，分配组织中最有能力的资源，选D。在项目风险管理中，开拓策略是指对于正面风险（也就是机会），我们采取积极的行动，确保这些风险的发生，从而使项目能够获得更大的利益。在这个例子中，将最有才华的资源分配到该项目以实现提前完成，就是在利用一个机会（即提前发布产品），从而可能会获得更大的市场份额或者更早的收益。因此，这里采用的风险管理策略是“开拓”。

第129题 当一个新的干系人被分配到项目中时，项目经理刚刚完成了计划阶段。可交付物已经与客户进行了讨论，但是新的干系人仍然担心其中两个可交付物的好处。项目经理下一步应该做什么来解决这个干系人的关注？A project manager just completed the planning phase when a new stakeholder was assigned to the project. The deliverables were discussed with the customer, but the new stakeholder is still concerned about the benefits of two of the deliverables. What should the project manager do next to address this stakeholder's concerns?

A.与干系人一起审查效益实现计划。Review the benefits realization plan with the stakeholder.

B.定期向干系人提供项目进展的最新情况。Provide the stakeholder with regular updates on project progress.

C.将干系人加入干系人参与计划。Add the stakeholder to the stakeholder engagement plan.

D.与干系人审查以前的分析结果。Review the prior analysis results with the stakeholder.

参考答案：A

解析：PMBOK 6th，1.2.6.2-项目效益管理计划，P33。项目效益管理计划描述了项目实现效益的方式和时间，以及应制定的效益衡量机制。关键词“新的干系人仍然担心其中两个可交付物的好处”，BC选项与此无关，排除。选项A优于D，查看效益实现计划，可以明确交付成果预期带来的效益。

第130题 在跟进交付结果时，一名团队成员向项目经理表达了对于另一名团队成员合作的担忧。这名团队成员表示，另一名团队成员，是一位职能经理，在会议中经常采取防御性和侵略性的态度。项目经理应如何处理这种情况？While following up on a deliverable, a team member expresses concern to the project manager about working with another team member. This team member states that the other team member, who is a functional manager, is often defensive and aggressive during meetings. How should the project manager handle this situation?

A.建议该团队成员忽视那个扰乱团队秩序的成员，只关注工作。Suggest that the team member ignore the disruptive team member and focus only on the work.

B.鼓励两个团队成员尽快会面，解决问题。Encourage both team members to meet as soon as possible and resolve the problem.

C.观察几周的情况，看看那个扰乱团队秩序的成员的态度是否会改变。Observe the situation for a few weeks to see if the attitude of the disruptive team member changes.

D.向人力资源（HR）部门举报扰乱团队秩序的成员。Report the disruptive team member to the human resource (HR) department.

参考答案：B

解析：当团队成员有矛盾冲突，先采取自行解决的方式，项目经理可以鼓励团队成员之间的公开对话和理解，以解决他们的问题，B选项最佳。

第131题 在项目实施阶段，职能经理会增加新的需求，这可能会影响成本和进度基准。项目经理注意到，一些团队成员正在与他们的经理直接沟通，以满足他们的要求。这将导致项目超出商定的基准。项目经理应该如何处理这种情况？During the implementation phase of a project, functional managers are adding new requirements, which may impact cost and schedule baselines. The project manager notices that some of the team members are communicating with their managers directly to fulfill their requests. This will lead the project to go beyond the agreed baselines. How should the project manager handle this situation?

A.建立适当的治理结构，确保职能经理的要求得到正确处理。Set up a proper governance structure to ensure functional managers' requests are processed correctly.

B.修改沟通管理计划，使职能经理能够对项目作出变更。Modify the communications management plan to enable functional managers to add changes to the project.

C.遵守项目制约因素，按照商定的进度基准和成本基准向前推进。Follow the project constraints and move forward with the agreed schedule baseline and the cost baseline.

D.要求职能经理与他们的同行沟通，并强调他们的要求的影响。Ask the functional managers to communicate with their peers and emphasize the impact of their requirements.

参考答案：A

解析：变更应该遵守整体变更控制流程，选A。选项B错误，影响基准的变更都需要提交到CCB审批。选项C拒绝变更错误。选项D与解决题干情况无关。

第132题 项目经理被分配到一个在执行阶段的项目，该项目有不同类型的干系人。一些干系人对项目非常感兴趣，而其他人则没有表现出同样的兴趣水平。项目经理应该做什么来确保项目正确完成？A project manager is assigned to a project that is in the execution phase that has different types of stakeholders. Some of the stakeholders are very interested in the project, whereas other do not show the same level of interest. What should the project manager do to assure the project finishes correctly?

A.查看干系人参与度评估矩阵以找出干系人的兴趣，并在必要时进行更新。Look at the stakeholder engagement assessment matrix to find stakeholders' interests and make updates if necessary.

B.邀请最感兴趣的干系人参加风险评估会议，并确保较不感兴趣的干系人同意需求。Invite the most interested stakeholders to the risk Invite the most interested stakeholders to the risk assessment sessions and assure the less interested stakeholders agree with the requirements.

C.查看用户角色定义以找出干系人的兴趣，并在必要时进行更新。Review the user role definition to find out the interests of the stakeholders and make updates if necessary.

D.创建干系人评估计划，以管理干系人的参与，并查看干系人的批准。Create a stakeholder assessment plan to manage stakeholder engagement and took at stakeholders' approvals.

参考答案：A

解析：干系人参与度评估矩阵用于将干系人当前参与水平与期望参与水平进行比较。对项目有不同程度兴趣的干系人，可以使用干系人参与度评估矩阵进行评估。然后，项目经理可以采取行动来提高不够积极的干系人的参与度，从而确保项目的成功。选A。选项D错误，首先并没有“干系人评估计划”这个术语，即使要创建计划，一般也是在规划阶段创建，执行阶段可以修改或者更新计划。

第133题 一个项目团队需要遵守项目所必需的合规性指南。项目经理应该采取什么措施来确保合规性的遵守？A project team needs to follow regulatory compliance guidelines that are mandatory for the project. What should the project manager do to ensure compliance adherence?

A.在项目中有时间的时候评估合规性。Assess compliance when there is time in the project.

B.指派一个项目团队成员负责确保合规性。Assign a project team member to ensure compliance.

C.在项目结束时审查合规性的遵守情况。Review compliance adherence at the end of the project.

D.在开发工具中包含合规性要求。Include compliance within the development tools.

参考答案：D

解析：满足监管要求要贯穿到整个项目过程中，而不是在项目的某个特定时间段或结束时才进行检查。因此，选项D是最佳的做法。选项B错误，合规不是单独的责任。

第134题 两个团队在一个全球项目中参与，采用“追随太阳”的方式以加速交付。在第一次发布后，产品上发现了许多问题，如果有更好的沟通，这些问题本可以轻易避免。项目经理应该做什么？Two teams are engaged on a global project which uses a follow-the-sun approach in order to speed up delivery. After the first release, many issues were identified on the product, which could easily have been avoided with better communication. What should the project manager do?

A.提升视频会议系统，以提供更好的可用性和质量，以增加沟通。Improve the videoconferencing system to provide better availability and quality in order to increase communication.

B.每个地点的团队大使互相旅行，以便促进沟通并减少问题。Have team ambassadors from each location travel to the other in order to facilitate communication and minimize issues.

C.促进两个团队的会议，以便他们能够对问题达成一致，并提出适合两个团队的解决方案。Facilitate a meeting with both teams so that they can agree on the issues and propose solutions that work for both teams.

D.调整工作窗口，使团队成员在交接状态和问题给对方时有更多的重叠时间。Adjust the work window so that team members have more overlap when handing off status and issues to each other.

参考答案：C

解析：分布式团队遇到了沟通问题，最好是先开会了解情况，再共同制定出解决方案，选C。A和D都可视为选项C中可能的解决方案的一种。“跟随太阳（Follow-the-sun）”是一种工作流程，常用于分布在全球各地的软件开发团队，不同地理位置的团队成员在工作日中的时间有所重叠，一队的成员在他们一天结束时可以将未完成的工作交给另一队继续，这样，项目的某些部分可以在24小时内连续进行，而不必等到某一地区的工作日开始。通过这种方法，问题将一直得到解决，解决问题的延迟减少，客户满意度提高，也可以缩短发布时间。

第135题 在迭代过程中，产品负责人告诉敏捷团队政府已经更新了法律要求。这将导致产品定义发生一些变更。项目经理应该如何处理这种情况？In the middle of an iteration, the product owner tells the agile team that the government has updated legal requirements. This will result in some changes in the product definition. How should the project manager handle this situation?

A.审查迭代待办事项列表，因为产品定义已经改变，需要在继续项目之前重新评估。Review the iteration backlog because the product definition has changed and needs to bereassessed before continuing the project.

B.继续工作，并要求产品负责人评估变更，并根据待办事项列表中的需要添加/删除用户故事。Continue work and ask the product owner to assess the changes and add/remove the stories as needed in the backlog.

C.请业务分析师评估变更，然后在待办事项列表中添加/删除用户故事，并根据商业价值对它们进行优先排序。Ask a business analyst to assess the changes and then add/remove the stories in the backlog and prioritize them by business value.

D.要求产品负责人将新的变更添加到待办事项列表的底部，以便将变更作为变更请求来处理。Ask the product owner to add new changes to the bottom of the backlog in order to handle the modifications as a change request.

参考答案：B

解析：产品负责人负责管理产品待办事项的优先级。在敏捷项目中，产品定义发生了改变，应该及时响应这种变化，并对与之相关的工作进行调整，反映在产品待办事项列表中，因此本题最佳选项是B，排除C。选项A描述比较模糊，项目经理并不负责审查待办事项列表，而且描述中说在继续项目前要重新评估，就代表可能要停止迭代，但是在迭代的过程中并不能随意停止，A选项错误。事项具体的优先级要根据价值和风险来进行判断，不能直接加到底部，D选项错误。

第136题 一个数字化转型项目的项目经理已经收到了该项目的业务需求。在收集需求时，项目经理发现并非所有需求都能在现有资源范围内交付，但部分需求就足以增加业务价值。由于项目预算经费固定，项目经理下一步应该怎么做？The project manager of a digital transformation project has received the business requirements for the project. In gathering requirements, the project manager found that not all of them could be delivered within existing resources, but that some of them were sufficient to add business value. With a fixed project budget, what should the project manager do next?

A.根据现有资源计划项目，并在项目完成后提交变更请求。Plan the project based on the available resources and submit a change request upon completion.

B.召集所有干系人，就一个较小、更可行的项目范围提出建议。Gather all stakeholders and provide recommendations on a smaller, more feasible project scope.

C.明确技术需求，要求管理层聘请外部资源。Identify the technical requirements and request that management hire external resources.

D.在问题日志中记录这个问题，提出变更请求以减小范围。Document the problem in the issue log and suggest a change request to decrease the scope.

参考答案：B

解析：根据题干，了解到项目的预算固定，资源不足，且只实现部分需求即可增加业务价值，这时项目经理最合适的做法就是集合所有干系人说明情况，提出建议。选项B最佳。

第137题 网络安全团队通知技术项目的项目经理，政府的网络安全要求发生了变化。项目经理召开团队会议讨论需求，团队了解到可以在不增加成本的情况下进行设计更改。项目经理应该指导团队做什么？The cybersecurity team informed the program manager of the technology program that the government's cybersecurity requirements had changed. The project manager held a team meeting to discuss the requirements, and the team learned that design changes could be made without increasing costs. What should the project manager direct the team to do?

A.更新范围管理计划以跟踪新的政府要求。Update the scope management plan to track the new government requirements.

B.接受网络安全团队的请求，因为公司的安全存在不合规的风险。Accept the cybersecurity team's request as the security of the company is at risk of being noncompliant.

C.要求项目发起人增加应急储备资金，以降低风险。Ask the project sponsor to increase funds in the contingency reserve as a risk mitigation.

D.通过变更控制流程请求变更，以管理新的网络安全要求。Request changes through the change control process to manage new cybersecurity requirements.

参考答案：D

解析：根据题干，合规需求发生了变化，即使并不影响成本，也应该通过变更控制流程进行正式的管理，这确保了变更的影响得到了适当的评估和记录，并通知了干系人，选D。

第138题 一个电信项目的团队分布在具有不同文化的几个国家中。项目团队很少面对面开会，每个团队成员都使用在线报告工具独立工作。项目经理应该怎么做才能确保团队成员对项目的成功有承诺感？The teams of a telecommunications project are spread across several countries with different cultures. Project teams rarely meet face to face, and each team member works independently using online reporting tools. What should a project manager do to ensure that team members feel committed to the success of the project?

A.控制并遵循项目的主要目标，预算和进度。Control and follow the project's mam goals, budget, and schedule.

B.计划定期的虚拟会议来激励和支持团队。Plan regular virtual meetings to motivate and support the team.

C.以小组方式会面，并通过电子邮件与团队其他成员分享信息。Meet in small groups and share information by email with the rest of the team.

D.创建一个月报，以便所有人都了解当前的状态。Create a monthly report so everyone will be in formed of the current status.

参考答案：B

解析：B是最佳选项。在项目团队分散且很少有面对面交流的情况下，定期的虚拟会议有助于团队成员了解项目进展，同时可以让团队成员有参与感和被重视，这将提高他们对项目成功的承诺度。

第139题 项目经理决定停止那些不能给项目增加价值的活动，这些活动有超出预算的风险。职能经理不同意这一决定，特别是当团队正在为高度敏感的最终用户执行产品测试时。职能经理将问题升级到项目发起人，以便团队能够恢复活动。项目经理应该如何处理这种情况？A project manager has decided to stop activities that do not add value to a project that has a risk of running over budget. A functional manager disagrees with this decision, especially when the team is performing product testing for highly sensitive end users. The functional manager escalated the issue to the project sponsor so that the team can resume activities. How should the project manager have handled the situation?

A.与职能经理合作，确定预算可以容纳哪些关键活动。Collaborated with the functional manager to determine which critical activities could be accommodated by the budget.

B.与项目发起人合作，确保支持项目经理的决定。Engaged with the project sponsor to ensure support for the project manager's decision.

C.与职能经理进行会议，解释为什么需要停止活动。Conducted a meeting with the functional manager to explain why the activities needed to be stopped.

D.说服职能经理停止超出预算的活动。Convinced the functional manager to stop the activities that will run beyond the budget.

参考答案：A

解析：解决冲突的最佳方法是合作/解决，选A。项目经理应与干系人协同工作，让干系人参与进来，而不是单方面作出决策。

第140题 随着项目的进展，团队的表现没有达到可接受的水平，并且没有符合项目开始时设定的关键绩效指标（KPls）。项目经理应该如何解决这个问题？As the project progresses, the team not performing at acceptable levels and in accordance with the key performance indicators (KPls) that were set at the beginning of the project. How should the project manager resolve this?

A.向发起人上报进度风险。Escalate a schedule risk to the sponsor.

B.进行团队建设练习。Conduct team-building exercises.

C.停止项目并进行团队技能评估。Stop the project and perform a team skill assessment.

D.确保团队对范围有充分的了解。Make sure that the team has a full understanding of the scope.

参考答案：B

解析：PMBOK 6th，9.4-建设团队，P336。建设团队的主要作用是，改进团队协作、增强人际关系技能、激励员工、减少摩擦以及提升整体项目绩效，选B。