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项目管理专业人士资格认证(PMP)题库(1459题)


第781题 项目经理通知敏捷团队成员,由于意外的个人问题,产品负责人将不能参加即将到来的冲刺审查。这种情况下最可能的结果是什么?
A project manager informs the agile team members that, due to unexpected personal issues, the product owner will be unable to attend the upcoming sprint review. What would be the most likely outcome of this situation?


A.不清楚团队在冲刺期间开发的产品增量是否被接受 It will be unclear whether the product increment developed by the team during the sprint is accepted or not

B.团队无法确定他们用于开发产品的过程是否需要改进 The team will be unable to determine if the process they used to develop the product needs improvement

C.不会产生任何严重后果,因为产品负责人缺席了一次冲刺审查会议 There will be no significant consequences as a result of the product owner missing one sprint review meeting

D.无法确定项目团队在最新冲刺期间增加了多少价值 It will be impossible to determine how much value has been added by the project team during the latest sprint


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P55 章节:5.2.5 展示/评审:当团队以用户故事的形式完成特定功能时,团队会定期展示工作产品。看过展示后,产品负责人接受或拒绝故事。 PO决定接受或拒绝故事,PO来不了,就验收不了。


第782题 项目经理安排一次迭代审查,并了解到一些关键干系人不同意已开发功能的方法。为了解决这个问题,项目经理首先应该做什么?
The project manager schedules an iteration review and learns that a few key stakeholders do not approve of how a feature has been developed. What should the project manager do first in order to address this issue?


A.邀请项目团队成员参加头脑风暴会议,以确定适当的应对策略。 Invite project team members to a brainstorming session to identify an appropriate response.

B.只有在评估这些干系人关心的原因之后才能解决这个问题。 Address the issue only after evaluating why these stakeholders are concerned.

C.通过列出对情况的赞成和反对来确定冲突的影响。 Determine the impact of the conflict by listing the pros and cons of the situation.

D.要求项目发起人作为中立方与那些不满意的干系人进行谈判。 Ask the project sponsor to act as a neutral party in negotiation with those stakeholders who are dissatisfied.


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P348 章节:9.5.2.1 冲突管理:项目经理应提供协助,促成满意的解决方案,采用直接和合作的方式,尽早并且通常在私下处理冲突。 要先分析原因,再讨论措施,因此先B再A。


第783题 一个平衡矩阵组织中的项目管理办公室(PMO)必须向CEO提供某项目状态、进度、资源统计和项目组合指标的季度报告,为完成这个目标,项目经理应该注意什么?
The project management office (PMO) in a balanced matrix organization must provide the CEO with a quarterly report on project status, progress, resource statistics and portfolio indicators. What should the project manager pay attention to in order to accomplish this goal?


A.沟通模型 Communication model

B.项目管理信息系统 Project management information system

C.会议 Meeting

D.绩效报告 Performance report


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P382 章节:10.2.1.3 工作绩效报告:根据沟通管理计划的定义,工作绩效报告会通过本过程传递给项目干系人。工作绩效报告的典型示例包括状态报告和进展报告。 XX报告一般是报告给领导或者外部关键干系人的。


第784题 项目经理意识到项目干系人对项目可交付成果和时间表感到担忧。项目经理应该做什么?
A project manager realizes that project stakeholders are apprehensive about project deliverables and timelines.What should the project manager do?


A.与每个干系人开会,以了解他们的担忧 Meet with each stakeholder to gain an understanding of their concerns

B.重新审视项目管理计划,以减少干系人的顾虑 Review the project management plan to reduce stakeholder uncertainties

C.要求发起人让干系人放心 Ask the sponsor to reassure the stakeholders

D.与干系人一起查阅假设日志 Review the assumption log with the stakeholders


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th   页码:P524 章节:13.2 在管理干系人参与过程中,需要开展多项活动,例如: • 在适当的项目阶段引导干系人参与,以便获取、确认或维持他们对项目成功的持续承诺; • 通过谈判沟通管理干系人期望; • 处理与干系人管理有关的任何风险或潜在关注点,预测干系人可能在未来引发的问题; • 澄清和解决已识别的问题 管理干系人参与要积极主动、当面解决问题。不回避,不随便找发起.


第785题 项目经理正在与一个供应商合作交付项目的一部分,该供应商的每周状态报告表明将按时提供下一个可交付成果。但最近的供应商电子邮件却表明他们尚未开始工作。可交付成果要求于下周交付。项目经理下一步应该做什么?
The project manager is working with a supplier to deliver part of the project, and the supplier's weekly status report indicates that the next deliverable will be provided on time. However, the latest supplier email indicates that they have not started work. Requested to be delivered next week.What should the project manager do next?


A.更新风险登记册并监控供应商的风险 Update the risk register and monitor supplier risk

B.要求该供应商在所有未来沟通中包含完成率 Require the supplier to include completion rates in all future communications

C.致电该供应商,以便在可交付成果到期日之前审查关注的领域 Call the supplier to review the areas of interest before the deliverable due date

D.通知该供应商有关延迟交付的处罚条款 Call the supplier to review the areas of interest before the deliverable due date


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th   页码:P501 章节:12.3.3.6 监督采购的输入风险登记册:每个被选中的卖方都会带来特殊的风险。随着早期风险的过时以及新风险的出现,在项目执行期间对风险登记册进行变更。 供应商还未开始做,是一个风险,当做风险跟踪即可。C,绩效审查是审查结果而非未发生的过程。


第786题 在项目最后一次迭代结束前两天,敏捷教练注意到其中一位开发人员的绩效明显下降,危及迭代目标。教练和开发人员在迭代结束后的一天安排了一对一的指导会议。在这种情况下,敏捷教练最好采取什么行动方案?
Two days before the end of the last iteration of the project, an agile coach has noticed that the performance of one of the developers significantly degraded, risking the iteration goal. The coach and the developer have a one-on-one coaching meeting scheduled a day after the iteration’s end date. What is the best course of action for the agile coach to take in this situation?


A.对开发人员进行个人绩效评估 Conduct the individual performance appraisal of the developer

B.要求团队一起完成本应分配给此开发人员的任务 Ask the team to swarm on the tasks assigned to the developer

C.利用实时反馈与开发人员一起解决问题 Employ real-time feedback to address the issue with the developer

D.等待与开发人员安排的一对一会议 Wait for the one-on-one meeting scheduled with the developer


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P35 章节:4.2.1.1 仆人式领导的促进作用:仆人式领导促进团队内部和团队之间的合作与对话。例如,仆人式领导在团队内部和团队之间帮助发现瓶颈问题,并进行相应沟通。 有问题要实时解决,而不是事后再处理。


第787题 在项目开始时,一位干系人通知项目经理他们将缺席多次项目会议,项目经理首先应该做什么?
At the beginning of the project, a related party informs the project manager that they will be absent from multiple project meetings. What should the project manager do first?


A.识别一位替代干系人在该干系人缺席时参加会议 Identify an alternate party to the meeting in the absence of that party.

B.通过映射他们的权力和影响力来分析干系人 Analyze interested parties by mapping their power and influence.

C.监控该干系人,并在会议之前请求提供信息 Monitor the interested party and request information before the meeting

D.坚持要求让该干系人参加所有会议以避免开创先例 Insist on having the relevant party participate in all meetings to avoid setting a precedent


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th   页码:P512 章节:13.1.2.4 权力影响方格: 基于干系人的职权级别(权力)、对项目成果的关心程度(利益)、对项目成果的影响能力(影响),或改变项目计划或执行的能力,每一种方格都可用于对干系人进行分类。 与权力/利益方格类似,权力影响也是分成四个区间。


第788题 项目发起人指示项目经理立即开始一个工期非常紧迫的关键项目,项目经理首先应该怎么做?
The project sponsor instructs the project manager to immediately kick-off a key project on very tight schedule. What should the project manager do in the first place?


A.与所有部门一起开会,以获得他们的认同与支持 To hold a meeting with all departments concerned to seek their approval and support

B.询问发起人该项目得如何获得资金支持 To ask the sponsor how this project gets financial support

C.收集初始需求以创建项目章程 To collect initial requirements to generate the project charter

D.起草项目进度计划以确定截止期限是否可行 To draft the project schedule to ascertain if the deadline will be met


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P81 章节:4.1.3.1 项目章程:项目章程是由项目启动者或发起人发布的,正式批准项目成立,并授权项目经理使用组织资源开展项目活动的文件。它记录了关于项目和项目预期交付的产品、服务或成果的高层级信息。 项目要在章程正式批准后才能正式开始。


第789题 团队成员必须按照进度基准来完成一个复杂项目的可交付成果。但是,由于一些团队成员被其他职能经理分配给其他任务,导致项目落后。 若要将项目拉回正轨,项目经理应该做什么?
Team members must complete deliverables on a complex project per the schedule baseline.However,the project is falling behind because some team members are assigned other tasks by their functional managers. What should the project manager do to get the project back on track?


A.告知团队成员,他们只能被分配到一个项目上工作 Advise team members that they are allocated to only one project

B.提醒团队成员,将功能性任务视为第二优先事项 Remind team members to treat functional tasks as a second priority

C.遵循并执行资源管理计划 Follow and enforce the resource management plan

D.与职能经理协商,就资源分配达成共识 Negotiate with the functional members to mutually agree on resource allocation


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th   页码:P332 章节:9.3.2.2 项目管理团队需要与下列各方谈判:职能经理。确保项目在要求的时限内获得最佳资源,直到完成职责。 执行组织中的其他项目管理团队。合理分配稀缺或特殊资源。 外部组织和供应商。提供合适的、稀缺的、特殊的、合格的、经认证的或其他特殊的团队或实物资源。特别需要注意与外部谈判有关的政策、惯例、流程、指南、法律及其他标准。


第790题 产品已经试验性地推出市场。但客户报告存在一些问题。用于纠正这些问题的成本应归为下列哪一类成本?
A product is test launched. The customer reports a few issues. The cost of correcting these issues is classified as which of the following?


A.预防成本 Prevention

B.修复成本 Repair

C.内部损失成本 International (Internal) failure

D.外部损失成本 External failure


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P282 章节:8.1.2.3 质量成本 · 预防成本 · 评估成本 · 内部失败成本 · 外部失败成本 客户发现的,为外部失败成本.


第791题 在迭代期间,敏捷团队的成员从迭代待办事项列表的顶部提取工作项。工作项描述了接下来要开发的功能。当团队成员阅读描述时,她意识到这些信息不足以开发该功能。团队成员向Scrum主管寻求建议。Scrum主管应该推荐什么做法?
During an iteration, a member of an agile team pulls the work item from the top of the iteration backlog. The work item describes a feature to be developed next. As the team member reads the description, she realizes that the information is insufficient to develop the feature. The team member approaches the scrum master for advice. What should the scrum master recommend?


A.根据可用信息开发功能 Develop the feature based on the available information

B.执行体系结构刺探 Perform an architectural spike

C.将事项返回到待办事项列表并选择另一个事项 Return the item to the backlog and select another one

D.咨询产品负责人 Consult with the product owner


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner: 创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序、 提供反馈、 指导开发方向。 待办列表的中用户故事没有描述清楚,要找PO确认。


第792题 你正在管理一个项目,该项目将为你的客户提供电子学习解决方案。这个项目的需求在一开始并未明确定义,并且随着项目的发展会根据客户的反馈进行修改。你决定做尽可能多的计划,并在继续计划的同时开始创建工作。下列哪一种技术在定义项目活动时最有帮助?
You are managing a project which would provide e-learning solutions to your customer. The requirements of this project are not clearly defined in the beginning, and there would be modifications based on customer feedback as the project evolves. You decide to plan as much as you can and begin to create work while continuing the planning. Which of the following techniques would be most helpful while defining activities for the project?


A.滚动式规划 Rolling Wave Planning

B.模板 Templates

C.极限编程 Extreme Programming

D.准时制生产方式 Just in Time


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P160 章节:5.4.2.2 滚动式规划:要在未来远期才完成的可交付成果或组件,当前可能无法分解。项目管理团队因而通常需要等待对该可交付成果或组成部分达成一致意见,才能够制定出 WBS 中的相应细节。这种技术有时称做滚动式规划。滚动式规划符合项目渐进明细的特点。C是软件开发技术而非项目规划技术。


第793题 一个项目团队正在不同时区工作,团队成员之间经常出现误解,尽管项目经理试图解决这个问题,但这个问题一直没有得到解决。若要改善这种情况,项目经理应该怎么做?
A project team is working in different time zones. There are frequent misunderstandings among team members. Although the project manager tried to solve this problem, the problem has not been solved. What should the project manager do to improve this situation?


A.在团队会议上解决这个问题 Solve this problem at the team meeting

B.与每位团队成员分别解决这个问题 Solve this problem separately with each team member

C.修订沟通管理计划 Revise the communication management plan

D.审查干系人的需求 Review the stakeholders 'requirements


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P377 章节:10.1.3.1 沟通管理计划:沟通管理计划是项目管理计划的组成部分,描述将如何规划,结构化、执行与监督项目沟通,以提高沟通的有效性。该计划包括如下信息: · 干系人的沟通需求 误解一般都是沟通出了问题。


第794题 过去六个月中,项目经理一直在努力定义项目的范围。项目团队一直与客户合作,对需求进行小幅调整,但耗时超过预期。 若要完成范围定义,项目经理应该做什么?
For the past six months, a project manager has struggled with defining a project’s scope. The project team has been working with the customer to make small adjustments to the requirements but is taking longer than expect. What should the project manager do to complete the scope?


A.安排召开研讨会,就最终需求达成一致意见 Facilitate a workshop to agree on the final requirements

B.为团队提供有关需求收集的最佳实践培训 Provide training to the team on collecting requirements best practices

C.召开数据收集会议,以审查收集到的需求 Conduct a data-gathering meeting to review the collected requirements

D.与团队一起在内部最终确定需求,并分享给客户 Internally finalize the requirements with the team,and share them with the client


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P153 章节:5.3.2.4 引导:在研讨会和座谈会中使用引导技能来协调具有不同期望或不同专业知识的关键干系人, 使他们就项目可交付成果以及项目和产品边界达成跨职能的共识。 引导干系人达成跨职能的共识。


第795题 一位高级经理将商业论证交给项目经理,该商业论证将用作制定项目章程的输入。有几个源作为创建商业论证的触发项。以下哪一项不是触发因素之一?
A senior manager hands the project manager the business case that will be used as an input to develop the project charter. Several sources served as the triggers for the creation of the business case. Which of the following would not be one of those triggers?


A.项目经理的专家判断 Project manager's expert judgment

B.法律要求 Legal requirement

C.客户需求 Customer request

D.社会需求 Social need


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P78 章节:4.1.1.1 商业论证的触发 · 市场需求 · 组织需求 · 客户要求 · 技术进步 · 法律要求 · 生态影响 · 社会需要 里面没有项目经理的专家判断。


第796题 一个敏捷团队的四名成员在同一地点工作,另外两名成员在家远程工作。项目经理希望为团队成员购买办公用品和其他物理和数字工具,以支持他们的日常工作,支持协作,并促进敏捷最佳实践的使用。项目经理最好购买以下哪一项?
Four members of an agile team are co-located while two others work remotely from home. The project manager wants to purchase office supplies and other physical and digital tools for the team members to support their day-to-day work, enable collaboration, and promote the use of agile best practices. Which of the following is best for the project manager to buy?


A.白板、索引卡、便签、活动挂图 Whiteboards, index cards, sticky notes, flip charts

B.即时通信应用、网络摄像头、麦克风 Instant messaging applications, web cameras, microphones

C.甘特图和项目管理信息系统 Gantt charts and project management information system

D.白板、索引卡、便利贴、网络摄像头、麦克风 Whiteboards, index cards, sticky notes, web cameras, microphones


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:103 章节:A3.4 看板方法:“看板”一词按字面翻译为“视觉符号”或“卡”。带有卡片的物理看板面板能够推动和实现整个系统中工作流的可视化,让每个人都可以看到。该信息发射源(大型显示屏)包含许多列,表示需要完成的工作流的状态。 A没有网络设备、 B没有本地设备、 C非敏捷。


第797题 项目经理希望将项目目标传达给团队,获得他们的承诺,并说明每个干系人的角色与职责。若要完成这些工作,项目经理应该做什么?
A project manager wants to communicate project objectives to the team, gain their commitment, and explain the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder. What should the project manager do to accomplish this?


A.开展团队建设活动 Conduct team-building activities

B.召开团队开工大会 Hold a team kick-off meeting

C.制定基本规则,并告知团队,让团队了解期望 Set ground roles for circulation to the team so that expectations are understood

D.要求团队查阅项目管理计划,以了解项目 Ask the team to review the project management plan to gain an understanding of the project


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P86 章节:4.2.2.4 Kick-off 会议:项目开工会议通常意味着规划阶段结束和执行阶段开始,旨在传达项目目标、获得团队对项目的承诺,以及阐明每个干系人的角色和职责。 开工会议,完成自上而下的传达与自下而上的承诺。


第798题 当一个关键干系人向项目经理提出一个新要求时,敏捷团队正在进行冲刺的中途。干系人声称该要求是必须具备的。变更管理计划规定所有的变更都应该通过变更控制委员会(CCB)。对项目经理来说,最好的行动方案是什么?
An agile team is midway through a sprint when a key stakeholder approaches the project manager with a new requirement. The stakeholder claims that the requirement is must-have. The change management plan provides that all changes should pass through the change control board (CCB). What is the best course of action for the project manager?


A.重新确定当前冲刺待办事项列表的优先级,并指导项目团队开发新的必须拥有的需求 Reprioritize the backlog of the current sprint and instruct the project team to develop the new must-have requirement

B.拒绝要求,因为新的要求只能由产品负责人和变更控制委员会提出 Reject the requirement since new requirements can be requested only by the product owner and change control board

C.举行一次冲刺回顾,以确定为什么在收集需求过程中没有确定需求 Hold a sprint retrospective to determine why the requirement was not identified during the Collect Requirements process

D.邀请干系人与产品负责人讨论新的需求,并让他们提交变更请求 Ask the stakeholder to discuss the new requirement with the product owner and have them submit a change request


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P26 章节:3.1.6 混合生命周期的特征:对于整个项目,没有必要使用单一的方法。为达到特定的目标,项目经常要结合不同的生命周期要素。预测、迭代、增量和/或敏捷方法的组合就是一种混合方法。 敏捷团队,由PO负责讨论变更。有CCB,说明是混合生命周期,因此确认好再提出变更。


第799题 意料之外的技术问题需要添加三个新的项目资源。现有团队表现良好,但由于没有跟团队新资源分享关键信息,导致落后于进度。项目经理应该怎么做?
Unexpected technical problems require the addition of three new project resources. The existing project team was performing well, but now falls behind schedule since critical information not being shared by the new resources. What should the project manager do?


A.指示所有团队成员查看沟通管理计划。 Direct all team members to refer to the communications management plan.

B.与新资源开会,说明基本规则并要求妥协。 Meet with the new resources to explain the ground rules, and request a compromise.

C.要求职能经理指示新团队成员遵循干系人管理计划。 Ask the functional managers to instruct the new team members to follow the stakeholder management plan.

D.开展团队建设活动,鼓励人际关系纽带 Conduct team building activities to encourage interpersonal bonds.


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P341 章节:9.4.2.4 团队建设:团队建设是通过举办各种活动,强化团队的社交关系,打造积极合作的工作环境。 不与新团队成员分享信息,说明工作关系还没到位。


第800题 已经决定使用敏捷框架来管理项目。项目正在实施中。在这种适应性环境中,项目经理应该关注什么?
It has been decided that a project will be managed using an agile framework. The project is now in execution. In this adaptive environment, what should be the focus of the project manager?


A.执行详细的产品计划和交付 Performing detailed product planning and delivery

B.建立合作决策的环境 Building a collaborative decision-making environment

C.要求项目团队对截止日期负责 Holding the project team accountable for deadlines

D.计划在每次迭代中将完成什么 Planning what will be accomplished during each iteration


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P34 章节:4.2.1 仆人式领导的职责: 仆人式领导通过管理关系,在团队内和组织中建立沟通与协作。这些关系可以帮助领导在 组织中得心应手地为团队提供支持。这种支持有助于消除障碍,促进团队理顺过程。 仆人式领导创造协作的环境。


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