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项目管理专业人士资格认证(PMP)题库(1459题)


第841题 你领导的项目应该升级你们公司在台式电脑和移动设备上开发的应用程序。上周,一家主要电子产品供应商出人意料地发布了一款新的移动设备。你意识到,只需稍加修改,你的应用程序就可以在新设备上运行得更快、更安全。对于这个机会,你接下来应该做什么?
The project you are leading is supposed to upgrade the application developed by your company on desktop computers and mobile devices. Last week, a major supplier of electronics unexpectedly released a new mobile device. You realize that your application, with a little bit of modification, can run much faster and more securely on the new device. What should you do next in regards to this opportunity?


A.创建成本预测并将其传达给干系人 Create a cost forecast and communicate it to stakeholders

B.提交变更请求以修改应用程序 Submit a change request to modify the application

C.考虑到意外工作,更新项目资金要求 Update project funding requirements in consideration for the unexpected work

D.对适当的储备金金额进行偏差分析 Conduct variance analysis for an appropriate reserve amount


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P444 章节:11.5.2.5 开拓:如果组织想确保把握住高优先级的机会,就可以选择开拓策略。此策略将特定机会的出现概率提高到100%,确保其肯定出现,从而获得与其相关的收益。 发现了一个机会,通过变更开拓这个机会。


第842题 由于客户认为项目不满足要求,因此不愿对项目签字同意。客户希望对某些可交付成果进行返工,团队不同意,因为这不属于约定项目需求的组成部分。项目经理应该做什么?
The client is unwilling to sign the project because the client believes that the project does not meet the requirements. The client wants to rework some deliverable. The team does not agree because this is not part of the agreed project requirements.What should the project manager do?


A.审查验收标准和其他项目输出文件 Review the acceptance criteria and other project output documents

B.让团队遵守客户要求,对可交付成果进行返工 Have the team comply with customer requirements and rework deliverable

C.要求团队确定未满足需求的原因 Ask the team to determine the cause of the unmet need

D.请求额外资金以满足对可交付成果进行返工的要求 Request additional funding to meet rework requirements for deliverable


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th   页码:P165 章节:5.5.1.1 范围基准: 用范围基准与实际结果比较,以决定是否有必要进行变更、采取纠正措施或预防措施。客户说不满足,团队成员说满足。说明把客户需求转为验收标准的过程出了问题。


第843题 你正在为一个软件开发项目起草一个干系人参与计划。该产品将使用Scrum框架构建。你希望确保分析和分类干系人对产品开发的影响程度。你的最佳行动方案是什么?
You are drafting a stakeholder engagement plan for a software development project. The product will be built using a scrum framework. You want to ensure that the stakeholders' level of influence on product development is analyzed and categorized. What is your best course of action?


A.提交变更请求以更新干系人登记册 Submit a change request to update the stakeholder register

B.等待,直到干系人参加第一次冲刺审查 Wait until the stakeholders attend the first sprint review

C.建议产品负责人使用权力/影响方格 Suggest that the product owner use a power/influence grid

D.使用分层图表自己执行分析 Conduct the analysis yourself using hierarchical charts


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P512 章节:13.1.2.4 权力影响方格:基于干系人的职权级别(权力)、对项目成果的关心程度(利益)、对项目成果的影响能力(影响),或改变项目计划或执行的能力,每一种方格都可用于对干系人进行分类。 与权力/利益方格类似,权力影响也是分成四个区间。


第844题 在即将到来的敏捷项目中,执行组织雇佣了来自不同国家但使用相同语言的开发人员。团队将被安排在同一地点,并且项目经理理解在文化多样性的情况下,提供一个有效沟通和协作的环境将是项目成功的一个重要因素。对项目经理来说,最好的行动方案是什么?
For its upcoming agile project, the performing organization has hired developers of various nationalities but speaking a common language. The team will be colocated, and the project manager understands that given the cultural diversity, providing an environment of effective communication and collaboration will be an important factor in project success. What is the best course of action for the project manager


A.设置虚拟沟通工具 Set up virtual communication tools

B.为团队提供作战室 Provide the team with a war room

C.只配置私人办公区域不设立公共办公区域 Utilize only caves from the caves and common

D.结合使用Scrum of Scrums Incorporate the use of a scrum of scrums


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P340 章节:9.4.2.1 集中办公:集中办公是指把许多或全部最活跃的项目团队成员安排在同一个物理地点工作,以增强团队工作能力。实施集中办公策略,可借助团队会议室、张贴进度计划的场所,以及其他能增进沟通和集体感的设施。 在同一地点,接下来布置集中办公。


第845题 你是一家大型组织的主管,考虑从预测性项目管理方法逐步过渡到敏捷项目管理方法。你聘请了一家外部咨询公司来评估当前的做法,并提出最好的过渡方式。在观察你的组织几个月后,顾问提出了几个选择。你最不可能选择哪个选项?
You are an executive in a large organization that considers a gradual transition from a predictive to the agile project management approach. You hire an external consulting company to evaluate the current practices and propose the best way for the transition. After observing your organization for several months, the consultant lays out several options. Which option would you least likely to select?


A.以两到四周的迭代周期开发产品 Developing the product in two- to four-week iterations

B.将每日站会纳入团队的日常工作 Incorporating daily standup meetings into the team's routine

C.使用每周会议跟踪项目进展 Tracking the project progress using weekly meetings

D.在每次迭代的末尾进行团队回顾 Holding team retrospectives at the end of each iteration


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P50 章节:5.2.1 迭代计划会:每日站会、迭代迭代评审会、迭代回顾会。C不敏捷。


第846题 一项目经理刚刚为一 387,000 美元的工程项目编制完风险应对计划。他下一步很可能怎么做?
A project manager has just finished the risk response plan for a U.S. $387,000 engineering project. Which of the following should he probably do NEXT?


A.确定项目总体的风险级别 Determine the overall risk rating of the project.

B.开始分析项目图纸上出现的问题 Begin to analyze the risks that show up in the project drawings.

C.在项目的工作分解结构中增加工作包 Add work packages to the project work breakdown structure.

D.重估项目风险 Hold a project risk reassessment.


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P447 章节:11.5.3.2 项目管理计划更新:范围基准。见5.4.3.1节。如果商定的风险应对策略导致了范围变更,且这种变更已经获得批准,那么就要对范围基准做出相应的变更。 所采用的应对措施要更新到范围基准里面去。


第847题 项目经理希望在新项目中使用一名特定供应商。该供应商目前正在为项目经理管理的另一个项目工作。项目经理希望在开始为新项目工作之前,先完成当前项目。在供应商开始为新项目工作之前,项目经理应该做什么?
The project manager wants to use a specific vendor in the new project. The vendor is currently working on another project managed by the project manager. The project manager wants to complete the current project before starting work on the new project. What should the project manager do before the vendor starts working on the new project?


A.与供应商一起评审合同协议。 Review contract agreements with suppliers

B.更新采购文档。 Update purchase document

C.执行采购审计。 Perform procurement audits

D.要求供应商完成所有现有工作。 Require suppliers to complete all existing work


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th   页码:P498 章节:12.3.2.5 采购审计:审计是对采购过程的结构化审查。应该在采购合同中明确规定与审计有关的权利和义务。买方的项目经理和卖方的项目经理都应该关注审计结果,以便对项目进行必要调整。 注意题干中提到的问题的逻辑关系。


第848题 在项目即将进入收尾阶段时,项目经理发现了一项原来没有考虑到的新风险。该风险一旦发生,可能给最终的可交付成果带来重要影响,甚至可能使其不能被客户接受。项目经理应该怎么做?
When the project is about to close, the project manager has identified a new risk that was not considered previously. Should this risk occur, it may cause a significant impact on the final deliverables, and may even make it unacceptable to the client. Then, what should the project manager do?


A.把该风险的影响通知管理层和客户 To inform the management and client of the impact of such risk

B.进行定性风险分析 To perform qualitative risk analysis

C.制定风险缓解措施 To work out risk mitigation action

D.增加应急储备 To increase emergency reserves


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P419 章节:11.3 风险流程:实施定性风险分析是通过评估单个项目风险发生的概率和影响以及其他特征,对风险进行优先级排序,从而为后续分析或行动提供基础的过程。 识别完风险后要定性分析。


第849题 在敏捷迭代中,由于意外的挑战,任务1无法按时完成。项目中的另一个团队依赖于任务1的及时完成以完成他们的项目部分。项目经理应该如何解决这个问题?
During an agile iteration, Task 1 cannot be completed on time due to unexpected challenges. Another team within the project is depending on timely completion of Task 1 in order to fulfill their part of the project. How should the Project Manager resolve this issue?


A.分别与两个团队会面,让他们想出一个方法来满足要求的最后期限并按时完成项目 Meet with both teams separately and ask them to figure out a way to meet the required deadlines and complete the project on time

B.与产品负责人会面,重新确定迭代待办事项列表的优先级,以免影响其他团队或义务 Meet with the product owner to reprioritize the iteration backlog so that it does not impact other teams or obligations

C.增加项目团队的成员数量,并增加迭代长度,以确保工作将按照进度计划完成 Increase the number of team members for the project team and increase the iteration length ensuring that the work will be completed according to schedule

D.让团队成员知道你希望他们在困难条件下尽最大努力,并确保在经验教训中注意迭代的挑战 Let team members know you want them to do their best under difficult circumstances, and make sure to note the iteration's challenges in lessons learned


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人 Product Owner: 创建待办列表并排序、 确认工作优先顺序、 提供反馈 、指导开发方向 本次迭代已经结束,下次迭代是解决问题还是做新任务, 需要PO给出优先级。


第850题 客户识别到一个新实践产品的性能问题,项目经理应使用哪一个质量成本(COQ)类别来估算这项成本?
The customer identified a performance issue for a new practice product. Which COQ category should the project manager use to estimate this cost?


A.预防成本 Preventive cost

B.外部失败成本 External failure cost

C.评估成本 Assess cost

D.内部失败成本 Internal failure cost


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P282 章节:8.1.2.3 质量成本: · 预防成本。预防特定项目的产品、可交付成果或服务质量低劣所带来的相关成本。 · 评估成本。评估、测量、审计和测试特定项目的产品、可交付成果或服务所带来的相关成本。 · 失败成本(内部/外部)。因产品、可交付成果或服务与干系人需求或期望不一致而导致的相关成本。 客户发现的,为外部失败成本。


第851题 一位新的项目经理最近在他们当前的组织中结束了一个项目。新项目经理使用了他们之前公司的最终项目报告格式,一位干系人评论说,虽然缺少了几条关键信息,但他们更喜欢这种格式。项目经理下一步应该做什么?
A new project manager recently ended a project in their current organization. The new project manager used the format of the final project report of their previous company, and a related party commented that although a few key pieces of information were missing, But they prefer this format.What should the project manager do next?


A.向其他项目经理提供报告的副本,并鼓励他们使用该报告 Provide copies of the report to other project managers and encourage them to use the report

B.使用批准的格式重新编写报告,然后与他们的经理讨论如何改进报告 Rewrite the report using an approved format and then discuss with their manager how to improve the report

C.考虑项目收尾完成的报告,并将该报告的副本存档 Consider a report on the completion of the project and archive a copy of the report

D.与项目团队开会,以审查项目报告格式并获得反馈意见 Meeting with the project team to review the project report format and get feedback


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P124 章节:4.7.1.2 项目管理计划的所有组成部分均为本过程的输入报告格式需要与计划保持一致。若有变更,需要走变更流程。


第852题 在项目实施期间发生组织重组,一名关键干系人被替换。新的干系人对项目成功存在很高的兴趣并拥有足够的影响力,对项目结果产生重大影响。在执行干系人分析之后,项目经理该如何处理该新项目干系人?
Organizational restructuring occurred during a project’s implementation and a key stakeholder was replaced. The new stakeholder has high interest in the project’s success and enough influence and can significantly impact its outcome. After performing a stakeholder analysis, how should the project manager handle this new stakeholder?


A.监测干系人期望发生的任何变化。 Monitor any change in stakeholder in stakeholder expectation.

B.保持向干系人通知项目进度/状态。 Keep the stakeholder informed of the project’s progress/status.

C.确保干系人满意项目进度/状态。 Ensure stakeholder id satisfied with the project’s progress/status.

D.密切管理干系人的期望。 Manage the stakeholder’s expectation closely.


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P512 章节:13.1.2.4 权力利益方格:基于干系人的职权级别(权力)、对项目成果的关心程度(利益)、对项目成果的影响能力(影响),或改变项目计划或执行的能力,每一种方格都可用于对干系人进行分类。 权力高、利益高,需要重点管理。


第853题 你正在领导一个开发新智能手机的项目。因为你要预测需求的许多变更,并不断从干系人那里得到反馈来调整智能手机,所以工作将以小的增量迭代完成。然而,这款智能手机的摄像头将由一家拒绝以渐进方式合作的供应商开发。你为该项目选择什么项目管理方法是最好的?
You are leading a project to develop a new smartphone. Since you are anticipating many changes in requirements and continuous feedback from stakeholders to adjust the smartphone accordingly, the work will be done iteratively in small increments. However, the camera for the smartphone will be developed by a vendor who refuses to collaborate in an incremental way. What project management approach is best for you to select for this project?


A.以敏捷方法为主,带有一些预测组件 Predominantly agile with some predictive components

B.以预测方法为主,带有一些敏捷组件 Predominantly predictive with some agile components

C.在计划过程中具有预测性,在执行过程中具有敏捷性 Predictive during planning and agile during execution

D.在计划和执行期间的敏捷项目管理方法 Agile during planning and predictive during execution


参考答案:A


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P26 章节:3.1.6 混合生命周期的特征:对于整个项目,没有必要使用单一的方法。为达到特定的目标,项目经常要结合不同的生命周期要素。预测、迭代、增量和/或敏捷方法的组合就是一种混合方法。 从题干描述来看,手机开发方法主要为敏捷,摄像头为预测。


第854题 项目经理在产品开发的第三次迭代中意识到,用于项目管理计划的模板没有显示更新。项目经理应该采取什么行动?
A Project Manager realizes during the third iteration of product development that the template used for the project management plan is not showing updates. Which action should the project manager take?


A.指派一名团队成员更新项目管理计划模板并记录任何风险 Assign one team member to update the project management plan template and document any risk

B.根据即将到来的迭代的商业价值而对更新模板的需求进行排序 Rank the need to update the template according to the business value for the upcoming iterations

C.避免通过独立修复问题而增加团队的分心 Avoid adding to team distraction by fixing the issue independently

D.将问题记录为新的项目风险并提出解决方案 Document the issue as a new project risk and propose a solution


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P458 章节:11.7.3.4 风险登记册:更新风险登记册,记录在监督风险过程中产生的关于单个项目风险的信息,可能包括添加新风险、更新已过时风险或已发生风险,以及更新风险应对措施,等等。 先记录下来,后续采取相关措施。 A:直接指派不合适;B:排序是PO的事情;C:问题要透明。


第855题 一家沉浸于传统瀑布式项目管理中的PMO聘请了你,作为敏捷实践者,来指导组织向敏捷的转变。在完成对组织文化的初步评估之后,你已经意识到许多干系人都抵制变更。你的最佳行动方案是什么?
A PMO steeped in traditional waterfall project management has hired you, as an agile practitioner, to guide the organization's transformation to agile. After completing an initial assessment of the organizational culture, you have realized that many of the stakeholders are resistant to the change. What is your best course of action?


A.提供培训来确保员工更加专业化 Provide training to ensure the employees are more highly specialized

B.同时将所有项目向敏捷过渡 Transition all projects to agile at the same time

C.寻求愿意支持这一事业的高层高管 Seek a high-level executive willing to champion the cause

D.确保工作分解成孤岛 Ensure the work is decomposed into silos


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P73 章节:6.1.2 变革就绪情况: · 管理层的变革意愿; · 组织在员工认知、审核和评估方式上做出改变的意愿; · 集中或分散项目、项目集和项目组合管理职能; · 专注于短期预算和指标而不是长期目标;以及 · 人才管理成熟度和能力。 管理层的变更意愿,是组织是否变革就绪的重要前提。


第856题 作为向敏捷转变的一部分,一个组织为一个项目选择一个试点团队来开发一个软件工具。一位敏捷教练被分配到团队中,在整个过渡过程中指导他们。在最初的几次迭代中,教练与项目经理和团队一起指导他们进行敏捷实践,并将任务分配给团队成员。敏捷教练采用什么最佳行动方案来确定团队是否获得了在没有教练的情况下执行即将到来的迭代所需的技能?
As part of its transformation to agile, an organization selects a pilot team for a project to develop a software tool. An agile coach is assigned to the team to guide them throughout their transition. For the first few iterations, the coach works with the project manager and team to coach them on agile practices and assign tasks to the team members. What is agile coach's best course of action to determine if the team has acquired the required skills to perform the upcoming iterations without coaching?


A.参加每日站会 Attend daily standup meetings

B.进行产品演示 Conduct product demonstrations

C.举行迭代回顾 Hold iteration retrospectives

D.开展团队建设活动 Carry out team building activities


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P50 章节:5.2.1 回顾总结会: 回顾是最重要的一个实践,原因是它能让团队学习、改进和调整其过程。 开始是敏捷教练分配任务,在回顾会后, 团队成员可以自组织来安排任务、 改进过程。


第857题 项目经理接管一个执行阶段的项目,在对项目进度进行初步审查期间,项目经理注意到与特定关键路径活动有关的信息不完整,有些活动还存在风险。项目经理如何才能确定每项活动的责任?
A project manager takes over a project in the execution phase,during an initial review of the progress, the project manager notices that information relevant to specific critical path activities is incomplete, and some activities are at risk. How could the project manager identify accountability for each activity?


A.工作分解结构 Work breakdown structure

B.责任分配矩阵 Responsibility assignment

C.组织分解结构 Organizational breakdown structure

D.风险登记册 Risk register


参考答案:B


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P317 章节:9.1.2.2 责任分配矩阵:责任分配矩阵展示项目资源在各个工作包中的任务分配。矩阵图能反映与每个人相关的所有活动,以及与每项活动相关的所有人员,它也可确保任何一项任务都只有一个人负责,从而避免职权不清。如果团队是由内部和外部人员组成,RACI  矩阵对明确划分角色和职责特别有用。 角色(人)跟职责(活)之间的关系,找责任分配矩阵。


第858题 你将与你的团队会面来确定项目的生命周期。在分析了定义和管理需求、开发可交付成果、处理变更、控制风险和成本,以及与关键干系人合作的最佳方式之后,做出了选择混合生命周期的决定。在选定项目生命周期后,关键干系人多久参与一次?
You meet with your team to determine the life cycle for your project. After analyzing the best way to define and manage requirements, develop deliverables, handle changes, control risk and cost, and engage key stakeholders, the decision is made to select a hybrid life cycle. With the project life cycle selected, how often will the key stakeholders be involved?


A.持续参与 Continuously

B.在特定里程碑参与 At specific milestones

C.定期参与 Regularly

D.完全不参与 Not involved at all


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P26 章 节:3.1.6 混合生命周期的特征:对于整个项目,没有必要使用单一的方法。为达到特定的目标,项目经常要结合不同的生命周期要素。预测、迭代、增量和/或敏捷方法的组合就是一种混合方法。 A是敏捷,B是预测。而混合型建议定期参与。


第859题 项目群经理在实施项目审计时,发现问题日志中各项均为项目经理所有,该情况可否接受?
Project Manager in the implementation of the project audit, found that the problem log are all project managers, will it be acceptable?


A.不可接受,项目经理不得作为问题及其解决方案的所有者 Unacceptable, the project manager must not be the owner of the problem and its solution

B.可接受,根据要求,所有问题均有指定的所有者 Acceptable, as required, all problems are assigned to the owner

C.可接受,项目经理必须是所有问题及其解决方案的所有者 Acceptable, the project manager must be the owner of all problems and their solutions

D.不可接受,项目团队必须是所有问题及其解决方案的负责人的所有者 Unacceptable, the project team must be the owner of all issues and their solutions


参考答案:D


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P347 章节:9.5.1.2 问题日志:在管理项目团队过程中,总会出现各种问题。此时,可用问题日志记录由谁负责在目标日期内解决特定问题,并监督解决情况。 项目团队共同解决问题。


第860题 客户希望增加股东权益的总和,提高其在全球市场的品牌知名度。客户的主要目标是什么?
Customer wants to increase the total shareholders' equity and increase their brand awareness in the global market. What is the main objective of the customer?


A.为组织战略改善整体业务支持 To improve the overall business support for organizational strategy

B.增加营销预算 To increase the marketing budget

C.提高商业价值 To increase the business value

D.通过重新投资其他业务组合提高市场份额 To increase the market share by reinvesting in other business portfolios


参考答案:C


解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P7 章节:1.2.1 有形效益的例子包括:·货币资产;·股东权益; ·公共事业; ·固定设施;·工具;·市场份额。 股东权益属于有形效益。


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