设等差数列\(\left\{ {{a_n}} \right\}\)公差为\(d\),
\(\because {a_1} + {a_3} + {a_5} = 12\),\({a_{10}} + {a_{11}} + {a_{12}} = 24\),\(\therefore {a_{10}} + {a_{11}} + {a_{12}} - \left( {{a_1} + {a_3} + {a_5}} \right) = 24d = 12\),
解得:\(d = \frac{1}{2}\),\(\therefore {a_1} + {a_3} + {a_5} = 3{a_1} + 6d = 3{a_1} + 3 = 12\),解得:\({a_1} = 3\),
\(\therefore \left\{ {{a_n}} \right\}\)的前\(13\)项的和为\(13{a_1} + \frac{{13 \times 12}}{2}d = 39 + \frac{{13 \times 12}}{4} = 78\).
故选:C.