令 \(x = 0\),得 \({a_0} = 1\),
令 \(x = \frac{1}{2}\),得 \({a_0} + \frac{{{a_1}}}{2} + \frac{{{a_2}}}{{{2^2}}} + \cdots + \frac{{{a_{2021}}}}{{{2^{2021}}}} = {\left( { - 1} \right)^{2021}} = - 1\),
则 \(\frac{{{a_1}}}{2} + \frac{{{a_2}}}{{{2^2}}} + \cdots + \frac{{{a_{2021}}}}{{{2^{2021}}}} = {\left( { - 1} \right)^{2021}} - {a_0} = - 1 - 1 = - 2\).
故选:A